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| an intellectual activity, encompassing observation, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena |
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| a general, fact-based understanding of the basics of biology and other sciences is increasingly important in our live, and literacy in matters of biology is essential |
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| ability to use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component, communicate these thought to others, and integrate these ideas into your decision making. |
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| irrational belief that actions that are not logically related to a course of events can influence its outcome |
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| process of examination and discovery |
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| based on experience and observations that are rational, testable, and repeatable |
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| proposed explanation for observed phenomena |
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| hypothesis that states a lack of relationship between two factors |
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| an experiment that makes it possible to decisively determine whether a particular hypothesis is correct |
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| pill that looked indentical to experimental pill but contained no active ingredient |
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| an explanatory hypotheses for natural phenomena that is exceptionally well supported by the empirical data |
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| phenomenon in which people respond favorably to any treatment |
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| blind experimental design |
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| experimental subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving |
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| double blind experimental design |
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| neither the experimental subjects nor the experimenter knows which treatment a subject is receiving |
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| subjects are randomly assigned into experimental and control groups |
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| when one variable increases, so does the other |
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| individuals make scientific-sounding claims that are not supported by trustworthy, methodical scientific studies |
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| based on only one or a few observations, people conclude that there is or is not a link between two things |
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| change in genetic characteristics of individuals within populations over time accounts for the diversity of organisms, but also explains the unity among them |
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| hierarchical organization |
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| life is organized on many levels within individual organisms including atoms, cells, tissues, and organs. |
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| groups of individuals of one species that live in a particular area |
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| all organisms that inhabit that area close enough for potential interaction |
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| community+physical environment |
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| smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, including reproducing itself |
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| facts that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells and all cells arise from other, pre-existing cells |
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| a compartment in the cell, separated by a membrane, where a specific, specialized function takes place |
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| form continuous, water tight seals around cells and also anchor cells in place, prevents fluid flow between cells |
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| spot welds or rivets that fasten cells together into strong sheets, hold cells together but are not tight, allowing fluid to pass around them |
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| pores surrounded by special proteins that for open channels between two cells, allow a cell to recognize that it has bumped into another cell |
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| cells stop dividing when the bump up against other cells |
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| tube-like channels connecting the cells to each other and enabling communication and transport bewtween them. |
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| surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm, two bi-layers embedded with pores |
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| a mass of long thin fibers consiting of DNA with some proteins attached to it that keep it from getting impossibly tangled |
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| area near the center of the nucleus where subunits of the ribosomes are assembled |
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| gives shape and support, controls the intracellular traffic flow serving as a series of tracks on which a variety of organelles and molecules are guided across and sround the inside of the cell, gives all cells some ability to control their movement |
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| gives shape and support, controls the intracellular traffic flow serving as a series of tracks on which a variety of organelles and molecules are guided across and sround the inside of the cell, gives all cells some ability to control their movement |
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| move fluid along and past a cell, clear debris so we can breathe |
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| rapid movement of mobile animal cells |
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| cells all purpose energy converters and they are present in virtually all cells |
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| substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any other substances |
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| bit of matter that cannot be subdivided any further without losing its essential properties |
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| center of an atom made up of two types of particles protons and neutrons |
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| particles that have a positive electrical charge |
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| particles that have no electrical charge |
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| amount of matter in a proton or neutron |
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| atoms in a cloud around the nucelus and are negatively charged |
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| mass of an atom, combined mass of all of its protons and neutrons |
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| how many protons an element has |
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| atom with extra or lack of electrons, extra is negative charged, lack of is positively charged |
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| groups of atoms held together by bonds |
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| strong bonds formed when two atoms share electrons |
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| sharing of two electrons between two atoms |
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| one atom transfers one or more of its electrons completely to another |
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| two oppositely charged ions attract each other |
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| formed between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and another atom, often an oxygen or nitrogen atom, in another molecule |
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| amount of H+ in a solution is a measure of its acidity |
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| fluid with a pH below 7.0 indicating the presence of more H+ ions than OH- ions |
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| fluid with a pH above 7.0 with more OH- ions than H+ ions |
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| chemicals can quickly absorb excess H+ ions to keep solution from becoming too acidic, and they can quickly release H+ ions to counteract any increase in OH- concentration |
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| large molecules made up from smaller building blocks or subunits |
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| molecules that contain mostly carbon,hydrogen, oxygen: they are primary fuel for running all of the cellular machinery and also form much of the structure of cells in all life forms |
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| molecules that contain mostly carbon,hydrogen, oxygen: they are primary fuel for running all of the cellular machinery and also form much of the structure of cells in all life forms |
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| non polar molecules tend to minimize their contact with water |
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| molecules that readily form hydrogen bonds with water |
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| single unit mall molecule that when put together form polymers |
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