Term
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Definition
-a nervous system communicates signals to them to cause behavioral or physiological responses
-ex. muscles and glands |
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Term
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Definition
-simple network of neurons
-ex. sea anemones
-provides direct lines of communication from sensory cells to effectors |
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Term
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Definition
clusters of neurons
-frequently, one pair is larger and more central (brain) |
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Term
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Definition
type of glial cell that wraps around the axons of neurons on the peripheral nervous system
-aka create myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| -wrap around axons in the central nervous system to several axons at a time |
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Term
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Definition
-glial cell that contributes to the blood-brain barries
-surround the smallest blood vessels in the brain
-permeable to fat-soluble molecules such as alcohol |
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Term
| resting potential of an axon |
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Definition
-60 millivolts (mV)
-at rest, more negative on the inside than the outside |
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Term
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Definition
-last for about 1-2 milliseconds
-+50 mV
-voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for action potentials
-travel faster in large diamater axons than small diameter |
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Term
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Definition
- used in nodes of ranvier
-faster than a continuous signal propagation down unmyelinated axons |
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Term
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Definition
the neurotransmitter used by all vertebrate motor neurons
-released when the vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
-the postsynaptic membrane of a neuromuscular junction
-modified part of the muscle cell plasma membrane
-contains acetylcholine-gated channels that allow na+ to pass through them
-depolarized when na+ move into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| -when a postsynaptic neuron responds to chemical stimulation by depolarizing |
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Term
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Definition
| -when the postsynaptic neuron hyperpolarizes |
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Term
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Definition
-excitatory
-one of the most common neurotransmitters of the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
-neurotransmittors in the brain
-monoamines |
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Term
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Definition
-serotonin reuptake inhibitor
-so serotonin lvls are kept high in the synaptic cleft
-help to relieve depression |
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Term
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Definition
nicotinic receptors
-muscarinic receptors |
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Term
| termination of neutrotransmitter action |
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Definition
-enzymes destroy the neurotransmitter
ex. acetylcholinesterase
-neurotransmitter may diffuse away from the synaptic cleft
-neurotransmitter may be taken up via active transport |
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