Term
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Definition
| Branches of haplotype tree of chromosome-3 gene orders denote paracentric inversions |
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Term
| inbreeding effective size |
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Definition
| inversely related to the prevalence of identity of descent among copies of homologous DNA in a population; a mathmatical parameter used to measure the average rate of coalescence of alleles in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| allows genome scans to identify where QTLs occur in a genome but can be misleading in identifying which variable site within a locus actually causes phenotypic variation |
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Term
| meansured genotype approach |
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Definition
| permits estimating epistatic genetic varance for a quantitative trait only if genotypes are measured at two or more loci |
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Term
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Definition
| each of six ApoE genotypes shows a wide range of cholesterol levels, with values overlapping among genotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| used in a genome scan to mark an entire genome in 10 cM intervals |
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Term
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Definition
| must be specifed to calculate genotypic frequencies from frequencies of alleles in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary force responsible for introducing the Tay-Sachs allele into the human populations |
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Term
| epistasis/ genetic epistasis |
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Definition
| presence of an A1 allele at the LDLR locus prevents expression of phenotypic differences between the e3 and e4 alleles in genotypes at the ApoE locus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonadditive genetic variance in a single-locus model |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonrandom association between allelic states of two SNP markers in haplotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative sequences of homologous DNA that have no impact on any phenotype related to reproductive success |
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Term
| epistatic genetic variance |
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Definition
| measurable in candidate-locus studies only if genotypes at two or more loci are studied together |
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Term
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Definition
| number of varying loci affecting a quantitative trait and amounts of additive and nonadditive genetic variance |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary properties include no direction, cumulative across generations, loss of alleles, and genetic divergence among isoloated demes. |
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Term
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Definition
| mathematical reference point for evaluating effective population sizes of natural populations |
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Term
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Definition
| used to determine which of the SNP sites that differ among haplotypes for a candidate locus associate most strongly with phenotypic variation in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| populational measure of the probability that gametes united in fertilization are identical by descent at a locus |
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Term
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Definition
| analytical assignment of a phenotype to a gamete |
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Term
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Definition
| evolve more rapidly than nonsynonymous substitution for protein-coding genes |
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Term
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Definition
| varying genes that each make a small contribution to variation of a quantitative phenotype in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary change caused by sampling error inherent in finite population size |
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Term
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Definition
| a name for the probability that two alleles selected at random from a population are not identical by descent |
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Term
| Sewall Wright's model of population structure in which geographically distant |
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Definition
| Sewall Wright's model of population structure in which geographically distant populations do not exchange alleles directly but may do so indirectly using intervening populations as "stepping stones" |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous centromeres segregate to opposite poles |
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Term
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Definition
| level determines fraction of double crossovers that are 2-strand, 3 strand, and 4-strand doubles |
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Term
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Definition
| the most inclusive sufficient parameter used in Fisher's mathematical model of natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
| increases loss of alleles by genetic drift in local populations |
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Term
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Definition
| a large population subdivided into multiple demes connected by gene flow |
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Term
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Definition
| a large population subdivided intomultiple demes connected by gene flow |
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Term
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Definition
| haplotype trees analyzed using dN/dS show that human genetic diseases are caused by mutational reversal of ancient selectively-driven changes |
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Term
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Definition
| adhere to one another in prophase I |
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Term
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Definition
| an environment-dependent component of fitness |
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