Term
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Definition
| catechol; proteins that control the reactions in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| accelerate metabolic reactions to biologically useful rates |
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Term
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Definition
| potato extract; reacting molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| When enzymes bind to a substrate |
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Term
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Definition
| substrate becomes more reactive and the metabolic reaction accelerates |
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Term
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Definition
| energy needed to form a transition state; it is lowered by the enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| destroy its effectiveness |
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Term
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Definition
| range of values for environmental factors such as temperature and pH at which an enzyme functions |
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Term
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Definition
| a plant enzyme that oxidizes catechol and converts it to benzoquinone |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme in plants and animals that speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, toxic to cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme in plants(such as turnips) and some bacteria that converts toxic hydrogen peroxide H2O to O2 in a reaction similar to that of catalase. |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to a substrate, compete for position of the active site with an enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| the manipulation of organisms to do practical things and to provide useful products |
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Term
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Definition
| the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of molecules critical to life |
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Term
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Definition
| the uptake and expression of DNA by a living cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA molecule that carries DNA sequences into a host; plasmid |
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Term
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Definition
| circular pieces of DNA made of 1000 to 200,000 base pairs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Kingdom Archaebacteria; extremophiles |
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Term
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Definition
| kingdom Bacteria; not extreme conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
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Term
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Definition
| Species with cells lacking membrane-bound organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane-bound organelles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that derive their energy from photosynthesis or the oxidation of inorganic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| the asexual reproduction of bacteria, in which cell's DNA replicates and the cell pinches in half without the nuclear and chromosomal events associated with mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| causes genetic recombination, all or part of the genetic material of one bacterium is transformed to another bacterium and a new set of genes is assembled |
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Term
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Definition
| a petri dish of solid medium that has been uniformly inoculated on its entire surface with a known bacterium or an unknown sample from an infected patient |
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Term
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Definition
| cholorphyll a, phycocyanin(blue), phycoerythrin(red) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spherical (Streptococcus) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| they derive their energy from organic molecules made by other ogranisms |
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Term
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Definition
| they feed on dead organic matter and release nutrients locked in dead tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| site of attachment and the surrounding parts of the enzyme that stress the substrate's bonds constitute the enzyme's active site |
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Term
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Definition
| technique used to classify bacteria, based on the different structural and chemical compositions of bacterial cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| (Streptococcus, Micrococcus) thick cell wall that retains a purple dye; crystal violet is trapped in peptidoglycan lyaer |
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Term
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Definition
| (E. coli, Serratia) thinner cell wall that does not retain the dye (red/pink color) |
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Term
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Definition
| crystal violet iodine/purple; safranin=counterstain/ red |
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Term
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Definition
| certain bacteria and cyanobacteria transform atmospheric nitrogen into other nitrogenous compounds that can be used as nutrients by plants |
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Term
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Definition
| contain nitrogen fixing bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| grows as long chains of cells called trichomes; long/snakelike |
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Term
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Definition
| (witch's butter or starjelly) forms large, grapelike colonies; Trichomes of Nostoc consist of small vegetative cells and larger, thick-walled heterocysts, in which nitrogen fixation occurs; thin lines composed of connected circles |
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of cells and therefore has a colonial body form (looks like olives in bowls) |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of rows and columns of circles (like a telephone) |
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