Term
|
Definition
• Use of the senses to gather
and record information about
structures or processes in the
natural world.
– May include the use of sight,
hearing, or touch to gather
information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Recorded observations or
items of information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A logical conclusion based on
observations (data).
– Inference is supported by the
data but may or may not be
correct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Data that consists of recorded
measurements.
– These data are always in
numeric (number) form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Data in the form of descriptions.
– These data describe actions, color,
textures, and other traits not easily
measured.
– These data can include drawings,
photographs, and video. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Any event or object that
appears in the natural world
and is of scientific significance
or interest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A general conclusion
supported by a large number
of observations or other data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A suggested, testable answer
to a welldefined
scientific
question.
– Must be supported by
observations and data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A proposed outcome based
on a given hypothesis.
– Usually stated in the form of an
IF THEN statement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A procedure designed to test
the validity of a given
hypothesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A factor or condition which
could affect the results of an
experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A set or group in an
experiment which has or is
given the condition the
experiment is designed to test.
– This group is the one that is
“different” from the normal
condition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• A set or group in an experiment
which has or is given the
contrasting condition to the one
the experiment is designed to
test.
– This group is used as a
comparison to measure the effect of
the experimental variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• An experiment that limits the
effects of variables so that only
one variable is being tested. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
The simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electric charge (+).
–
One of the two types of particles found in the nucleus of an atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electric charge (-).
–
These particles found outside the nucleus of an atom.
–
These particles are involved in chemical bonding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A subatomic particle that has no charge (is electrically neutral).
–
One of the two types of particles found in the nucleus of an atom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
The central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
–
This number is unique for each element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
One of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons in their atoms but a different number of neutrons. |
|
|
Term
| Radioactive Isotope (Radio-isotope) |
|
Definition
•
An isotope in which the nucleus decays (breaks down) over time, giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
An atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing an electron(s).
–
Charge may be positive (if electrons have been lost) or negative (if electrons have been gained). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom.
–
Atoms are held together by the attraction of opposite electrical charges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
Breaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in new substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A compound or atom that is involved in a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
New material created as a result of a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A chemical reaction in which two different elements are bonded together forming a compound.
•
A + B = AB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into its elements.
•
AB = A + B
–
The opposite of synthesis reaction. |
|
|
Term
| Single Displacement Reaction |
|
Definition
•
A chemical reaction between an element and a compound which yields a different element and compound.
•
C + AB = AC + B |
|
|
Term
| Double Displacement Reaction |
|
Definition
•
A chemical reaction between two compounds that yields two different compounds.
•
AB + CD = CA + BD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
An attraction between unlike molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A uniform mixture of two or more substances.
–
Components of a solution are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means.
–
May be a solid, liquid, or gas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
The part of a solution that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
The part of a solution that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A solution in which water is the solvent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A compound that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution and that measures more than 7 on the pH scale. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A substance that maintains a fairly constant pH in a solution by accepting H+ ions when their levels rise and donating H+ ions when their levels fall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A molecule built upon a framework of carbon atoms.
–
These are compounds produced by living things. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A non-carbon based molecule.
–
These are compounds that are not produced by living things. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A class of organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways.
–
A structural building block that determines the characteristics of the compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
(Water Loving) A molecule that is attracted to water molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
(Water Fearing) A molecule that repelled by water molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A molecule consisting of a long chain of smaller molecular units (monomers). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A class of organic compounds based on sugar molecules.
–
Many are polymers composed of sugar monomers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A monomer composed of a single sugar molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A sugar composed of two monosaccharides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers.
–
Serves as the primary energy storage molecule in plants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers.
–
Serves as the primary energy storage molecule in animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls.
–
Serves as a structural component in plants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
One of a class of water-avoiding (hydrophobic) compounds.
–
These compounds are insoluble in water and include fats, oils, and steroids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
An organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain no double bonds and hold the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms.
–
Unsaturated fats contain double bonds in the carbon chains of the fatty acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells.
–
This molecule helps plasma membranes remain flexible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A class of organic compounds that stores and carries important information used for cell function.
–
DNA and RNA are examples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A building block monomer of nucleic acid polymers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A nucleotide composed of a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attached functional groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
A 5-carbon sugar based on a ring-shaped framework. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pentose found in the bases that make up RNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
The pentose found in the bases that make up DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
Family of nitrogenous based on a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
–
Thymine and Cytosine are examples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
Family of nitrogenous based on a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
–
Adenine and Guanine are examples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
Term that describes the structure of DNA which consists of two strands of nucleotides wound about each other.
–
Looks like a twisted ladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•
Nucleotide bases that must pair with each other in nucleic acids.
–
Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine. |
|
|
