Term
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Definition
| The study of life too small to seen without a microscope. |
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Term
| What percentage of bacteria cause human disease? |
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Definition
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Term
What is a pathogenic bacteria?
Name 2 |
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Definition
A bacteria that can cause disease
- E.Coli
-Salmonella
-Yersinia pestis |
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Term
| Why are microbes an ideal organism to study? |
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Definition
- Small = do not consume many resources
- Very short generation times
- Cells easily survive isolation from other cells
- Reproduce through mitosis (DNA is identical)
- Can be frozen for long periods of time |
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Term
| What are Koch's postulates? |
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Definition
1. Pathogenic organism should present in all cases of disease and should be absent in healthy animals
2. Pathogen should be grown in pure culture
3.Cells from pure culture should be innoculated into healthy animal
4. Pathogen reisolated to show same results as intial |
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Term
| What must a microbiological media have for bacteria to grow? |
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Definition
- carbon (for energy)
- nitrogen (incorporated into proteins) |
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Term
| How do bacteria consume food sources? |
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Definition
| They release an enzyme which disolves the food source. |
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Term
| What is extracellular digestion? |
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Definition
| Bacteria release an enzyme which disolves the food source, which occurs outside the cell. |
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Term
| What is a selective media? |
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Definition
| Allows one type of bacteria to grow while supressing others. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are partially digested proteins or inorganic salts provide nitrogen |
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Term
| What is a serial dillution? |
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Definition
| Technique that reduces the concentration of microorganisms to a level that can be counted |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a streak plate? |
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Definition
| To single out individual colonies |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a spread plate? |
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Definition
| To be able to count the amount of colonies growing on the plate. Only living bacteria will be counted. The amount of bacteria can be times by the dillution to find the amount of bacteria in the original sample. |
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Term
| What are the 7 types of microorganisms? |
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Definition
| Bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites (helminths) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How many colonys need to be on a plate count to be viable? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A cell that has no nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bacteria that can make food from sunlight or chemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria that use other sources for food (eating). |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that have a nucleus. |
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Term
| Is a viruse a cell or bacteria? |
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Definition
| No. They consist of RNA and DNA, and infest other cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria secrete hormones that recgonise other like bacteria and receive signals back, telling the cell the number of like bacteria. |
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Term
What are the 5 seeds?
Hint: SEEDS |
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Definition
| Shape, Environment, Endospore, DNA, Staining |
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Term
What is process of Gram staining?
HINT: CIAS |
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Definition
Crystal - violet
Iodine
Alcohol
Safrinin |
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Term
| What are the characteritics of Gram positive bacteria? |
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Definition
- Are blue purple
- Large
- Easy to kill |
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Term
| What are the characteritics of Gram negative bacteria? |
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Definition
- Red
- Small
- Resistant to pennecillin |
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Term
| What is main morphological difference between Gram positive and Gram negative? |
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Definition
The peptidoglycan layer.
- Larger for gram postive
- Smaller for gram negative |
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Term
What is the process of Acid Fast staining?
HINT: Acid fast is PHAB! |
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Definition
Pink (carbol fuschia)
Heat
Alcohol
Blue |
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Term
| What characteristics does a postive (pink) Acid Fast stain bacteria have? |
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Definition
- Mycolic acid is present
- Are acid fast
- Are either: myobacterium or nocardia |
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Term
| What characteristics does a negative (blue) Acid Fast stain bacteria have? |
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Definition
- Do not contain mycolic acid
- Are non acid fast
- Are every other type of bacteria |
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Term
| How do bacteria reproduce? |
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Definition
| Binary fission. They replicate themselves and split into two identical daughter cells. |
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Term
| How is bacteria growth studied? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the requirements of binary fission? |
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Definition
- Cell mass increases
- Chromosomes replicate
- Synthesize cell wall
- Cell divides into two |
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Term
| What are the four phases of bacterial growth? |
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Definition
| Lag, Log (exponential phase), Sit (stationary phase), Die (Death phase). |
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Term
| What is occuring in the lag phase? |
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Definition
- The population remains the same
- No cell divison |
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Term
| What is occuring in the log phase? |
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Definition
- Binary fission
- The bacteria divide at a constant rate |
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Term
| What is occuring in the sit phase? |
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Definition
- No binary fission
- All nutrient used
- Space is lacking |
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Term
| What is occuring in the die phase? |
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Definition
- Bacteria die
- Reverse of exponential growth |
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Term
| What is the process of an endospore stain? |
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Definition
- Malachite green
- Steam
- Decolourization water
- Safrinin |
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Term
| What is purpose of an endospore? |
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Definition
| An endospore keeps the cell alive in unfavourable conditons and the cell goes into hybernation. Cells can surive hundreds of year and the harshest conditions with an endospore. |
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Term
| What are the 4 factors of bacterial growth? |
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Definition
| Temperature, PH, Water and Oxygen |
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Term
| What is an obligate aerobe? |
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Definition
| Requires oxygen for growth. |
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Term
| What is an obligate anaerobe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a facultative anaerobe? |
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Definition
| Can grow aerobically if oxygen is present, or can grow anaerobically. |
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Term
| What is a microaerophillic bacteria? |
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Definition
| Needs reduced levels of oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is for only specific types of bacteria (the picky eaters). |
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Term
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Definition
| Any bacteria can grow on this media (is Tryptic Soy Agar). |
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Term
| What is a selective media? |
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Definition
Selects certain bacteria to grow and supresses others.
Manitol Salt Agar - Selects halophiles (salt loving bacteria) to grow |
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Term
| What is a differential media? |
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Definition
| Colour changes within these medias indicate certain bacterial metabolites. |
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Term
| What bacterial process occurs on blood agar? |
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Definition
| Hamemolysis. The bacteria produces exotoxins that cause the blood agar to change colour. |
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Term
| What is alpha hamemolysis? |
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Definition
| Partial change in colour of blood agar (has a greenish tinge). |
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Term
| What is beta hamemolysis? |
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Definition
| Compleye change in colour of blood agar and presents a clear zone around the edges of the bacterium. |
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Term
| What is gamma hamemolysis? |
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Definition
| Sometimes referred to a ghost hamemolysis, there is no change in the blood agar. |
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Term
| What are the 5 ways to identify bacteria? |
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Definition
1. Diameter
2. Colour
3. Form, elevation,margin, surface
4. Opacity
5. Texture |
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