Term
|
Definition
| Small, infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid genome and protein coat(___). |
|
|
Term
NOT COMPOSED OF CELLS
CANNOT CARRY OUT METABOLISM
CANNOT USE ENERGY
CANNOT MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
CANNOT REPRODUCE
|
|
Definition
| Why are viruses nonliving? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Viruses differ greatly in ___ ___.
Number of host species and cell types they infect. |
|
|
Term
DNA or RNA, single stranded or double stranded.
SHAPE
BIND TO HOST
|
|
Definition
Genome of viruses differ how?
Capsids vary in ____.
Protein knobs and glycoprotein spikes help ____ _ ____. |
|
|
Term
VIRAL ENVELOPE
LIPID BILAYER
SPIKE GLYCOPROTEINS
|
|
Definition
Many viruses that infect animal cells have ____ ____ enclosing capsid.
____ ____ derived from host cell.
Embedded with ____ _____. |
|
|
Term
BACTERIOPHAGE
(phage)
TAIL FIBERS
|
|
Definition
Virus that infects bacteria.
Contain ____ ____ for attaching to host cell wall. |
|
|
Term
VIRAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
1.
|
|
Definition
| _. Proteins in virus bind to specific host cell. |
|
|
Term
VIRAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
2.
INJECTION or FUSION OF ENVELOPE
(bacteriophages) (HIV) |
|
Definition
| _. Genetic material inserted into host cell via _____ or ____ _ _____ with host cell membrane. |
|
|
Term
VIRAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
3.
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
RETROVIRUS
|
|
Definition
_. Viral enzyme integrase produced.
-cuts host DNA and inserts viral genome
In RNA virus, viral enzyme ___ ____ produces DNA from RNA (____). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
VIRAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
4.
|
|
Definition
| _. Viral genes expressed to produce viral proteins; viral components assembled into new viruses. |
|
|
Term
VIRAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
5.
BUDDING
LYSIS
|
|
Definition
_. Virus released from host cell
(____ -- animal cells/____--phages) |
|
|
Term
PHAGE DNA EXCISED
HOST DNA DEGRADES
CELL LYSIS
|
|
Definition
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
After integration, ___ ___ _____.
During synthesis of viral components, ___ ___ _____.
Viruses release via ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TEMPERATE PHAGES
LYTIC CYCLE
VIRULENT PHAGES
|
|
Definition
______ ______ can remain latent (inactive) in lysogenic cycle.
-may enter ___ ___ depending on environment.
_____ _____ proceed directly to lytic cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In human viruses, ______ remain dormant over time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In human viruses, a viral denome exists as an _____ -- separate from host DNA.
-can occasionally integrate into host DNA, causing outbreaks of disease symptom.
ex: herpes virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Viruses that have arisen recently, or likely to have a great probability of causing infection.
ex: HIV, causative agent of AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small infectious agent composed solely of RNA.
-infect plant cells
-ribozyme activity may damage host cells
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small infectious agent composed entirely of protein.
-causes fatal brain disease in humans and other mammals |
|
|
Term
SINGLE TYPE
CIRCULAR
IN NUCLEOID REGION
1 ORIGIN OF REPLICATION (plasmids)
|
|
Definition
Properties of bacterial chromosome.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, circular pieces of DNA separate from chromosome making a bacterial chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteria reproduce _____ by ____ ____ at a rapid rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetically different lineage within a bacterial species. |
|
|
Term
MUTATIONS
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER
from one bacterial cell to to another
|
|
Definition
| Source of genetic differences in a strain of bacteria. |
|
|
Term
CONJUGATION
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION
|
|
Definition
| 3 ways for horizontal gene transfer from one bacterial cell to another to occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 bacterium directly transfers DNA to recipient cell.
Donor strains contain fertility factor plasmid, F factor
Sex pilus connects donor and recipient cells and donor transfers F factor to recipient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacterium takes up a strand of DNA from environment (usually dead bacterial cell) and inserts it into chromosome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria able to undergo transformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bacteriophages transfer genes from 1 bacterium to another.
-on rare occasion, phage picks up bacterial DNA -- can be inserted into a different bacterium when the phage infects it. |
|
|
