Term
Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to:
a. plants only.
b. all organisms.
c. pea plants only.
d. animals only. |
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Definition
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Term
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down:
a. food molecules
b. water.
c. carbon dioxide.
d. ATP. |
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Definition
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Term
If you want to control your weight, how long should you exercise aerobically each time that you exercise?
a. more than 20 minutes
b. 15 to 20 minutes
c. at least 90 seconds
d. less than 15 minutes |
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Definition
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Term
Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of
a. repaying an oxygen debt.
b. making more citric acid.
c. restarting glycolysis.
d. stopping the electron transport chain. |
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Definition
| a. repaying an oxygen debt. |
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Term
What is inside a bacteriophage?
a. protein
b. nucleic acid
c. lipid
d. carbohydrate |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following supports the claim that the environment can affect genetic traits?
a. Dandelion plants are self pollinating.
b. Pinion trees bear cones every other year.
c. Hydrangea flower color varies with soil pH.
d. Oak trees get taller as they grow. |
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Definition
| c. Hydrangea flower color varies with soil pH. |
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Term
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
b. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
d. adenine + phosphate group + thymine |
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Definition
| b. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine |
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Term
[image]
Figure 11–3
Use Figure 11–3 to answer the following question. If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many different phenotypes are their offspring expected to show?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 16
d. 8 |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
What is shown in Figure 11–4?
a. replication
b. independent assortment
c. anaphase I of meiosis
d. crossing-over |
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Definition
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Term
In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
b. is circular.
c. is located in the ribosomes.
d. floats freely in the cytoplasm. |
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Definition
| a. is located in the nucleus. |
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Term
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
a. GAUCCA.
b. GATCCA.
c. TCGAAC.
d. AGCTTG. |
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Definition
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Term
What would have happened if Avery had added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture of heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless bacteria, and injected the mixture into mice?
a. The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
b. The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
c. The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have died.
d. The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have died. |
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Definition
| a. The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have lived. |
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Term
Which statement mainly explains why even well-conditioned athletes have to pace themselves for athletic events that last several hours?
a. Lactic acid fermentation can cause muscle soreness.
b. Heavy breathing is needed to get rid of lactic acid.
c. Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does.
d. Alcoholic fermentation produces carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
| c. Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does. |
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Term
Gametes have
a. twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells.
b. one allele for each gene.
c. two sets of chromosomes.
d. homologous chromosomes. |
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Definition
| b. one allele for each gene. |
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Term
What enzyme works to add DNA to ends of chromosomes in rapidly dividing cells such as those found in an embryo, to prevent genes from being lost during replication?
a. telomerase
b. chromatin
c. histones
d. DNA polymerase |
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Definition
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Term
A student placed three cubes of agar that contained the indicator phenolphthalein in a beaker of vinegar. The sides of the cubes were the following lengths: 3 cm, 2 cm, and 1 cm. In the presence of an acid, such as vinegar, phenolphthalein turns from pink to clear. After 10 minutes, the student cut each cube open and measured the distance that the vinegar had diffused into each cube. She then started to complete the data table.
[image]
Infer Look at the experimental setup in Figure 10–11. What is the volume (in cm3) of the 2 cm cube?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 10 |
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Definition
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Term
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. each with two original strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two new strands. |
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Definition
| c. each with one new strand and one original strand. |
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Term
If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents?
a. Both parents contributed a dominant allele.
b. Both parents contributed a recessive allele.
c. Both parents were short.
d. Both parents were tall. |
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Definition
| b. Both parents contributed a recessive allele. |
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Term
[image]
Some cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis. Which of the following is true of the cells in Figure 10–6 above?
a. Neither cell forms a cell plate during cytokinesis.
b. Only cell A forms a cell plate during cytokinesis.
c. Both cells form cell plates during cytokinesis.
d. Only cell B forms a cell plate during cytokinesis. |
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Definition
d. Only cell B forms a cell plate during cytokinesis. |
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Term
The two main stages of cell division are called
a. the M phase and the S phase.
b. synthesis and cytokinesis.
c. mitosis and cytokinesis.
d. mitosis and interphase. |
|
Definition
| c. mitosis and cytokinesis. |
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Term
A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is
a. 25%.
b. 50%.
c. 100%.
d. 75%. |
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Definition
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Term
What property of DNA does bacterial transformation illustrate?
a. Bacterial DNA uses four nucleotides bases that work in pairs.
b. Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome.
c. Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function.
d. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function. |
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Definition
| d. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function. |
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Term
What is the chronological order of the important discoveries in the structure of DNA?
a. Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix ® Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA
b. Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA ® Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix
c. Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides ®Â Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA ® Watson and Crick identify the double helixÂ
d. Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix ®Â Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides |
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Definition
| c. Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides ®Â Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA ® Watson and Crick identify the double helix |
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Term
What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?
a. The bases are both long.
b. The bases are both short.
c. They lack the deoxyribose group.
d. They lack phosphate groups. |
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Definition
| a. The bases are both long. |
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Term
Which pair includes a phase of the cell cycle and a cellular process that occurs during that phase?
a. G1 phase, DNA replication
b. S phase, cell division
c. M phase, cell growth
d. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis |
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Definition
| d. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis |
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Term
During fermentation,
a. glucose is split into 3 pyruvic acid molecules.
b. carbon dioxide is produced.
c. NAD+ is regenerated, allowing glycolysis to continue.
d. oxygen is required. |
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Definition
| c. NAD+ is regenerated, allowing glycolysis to continue. |
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Term
During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
a. two chromosomes.
b. sixteen chromosomes.
c. eight chromosomes.
d. four chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
a. only during the G1 phase
b. only during interphase
c. only during cell division
d. only when they are being replicated |
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Definition
| c. only during cell division |
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Term
Chargaff contributed to the understanding of DNA by figuring out that the percentages of adenine and thymine were almost equal in any sample of DNA.
Selected:
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to
a. produce cells without a defective p53 gene.
b. generate hormones that combat tumors.
c. stop responding to growth regulators.
d. stop dividing to produce daughter cells. |
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Definition
| c. stop responding to growth regulators. |
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Term
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a. 6CO2 + 6H2O ® 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
b. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ® 6O2 + C6H12O6
c. 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy ® 6CO2 + 6H2O
d. 6O2 + C6H12O6 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
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Definition
| d. 6O2 + C6H12O6 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
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Term
[image]
Interpret Visuals Where do the electrons moving along the inner membrane in Figure 9–8 end up?
a. They end in the intermembrane space.
b. They join with 4 H+ and O2 to form water molecules.
c. They bond ADP + P to make ATP.
d. They end in the electron transport chain. |
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Definition
b. They join with 4 H+ and O2 to form water molecules. |
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Term
A tetrad consists of
a. two sister chromatids that have each been replicated during interphase.
b. a homologous pair of chromosomes, each made of two chromatids.
c. a parental chromosome that was replicated to form a pair, then replicated again.
d. the four copies of a chromosome that are normally present in cells. |
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Definition
| b. a homologous pair of chromosomes, each made of two chromatids. |
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Term
All of the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT
a. lactic acid fermentation.
b. alcoholic fermentation.
c. cellular respiration.
d. stored ATP. |
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Definition
| b. alcoholic fermentation. |
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Term
Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?
a. Most cells grown in petri dishes have a defective p53.
b. Contact with other cells stops cell growth.c. The cells lack cyclin.
d. The petri dish inhibits cell growth. |
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Definition
| b. Contact with other cells stops cell growth. |
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Term
[image]
In Figure 12–4, the percentages of all four columns should add up to 90.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Interpret Tables Identify the phenotype of the offspring represented by the question mark in Figure 11–6.
a. The phenotype of the offspring is bbRR
b. The phenotype of the offspring is white, rough hair.
c. The phenotype of the offspring is black, rough hair
d. The phenotype of the offspring is white, smooth hair |
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Definition
| b. The phenotype of the offspring is white, rough hair |
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Term
Cancer cells form masses of cells called
a. cyclins.
b. p53.
c. tumors.
d. growth factors. |
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Definition
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Term
What stores information in a cell?
a. lipids
b. DNA
c. carbohydrates
d. proteins |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Cell division is represented in Figure 10–3 by the letter
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D. |
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Definition
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Term
Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately
a. 32 ATP molecules.
b. 36 ATP molecules.
c. 4 ATP molecules.
d. 2 ATP molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens
a. in the nucleus.
b. before cell division.
c. only to telomeres.
d. around the histones. |
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Definition
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Term
The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
a. Y.
b. X.
c. Z.
d. N. |
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Definition
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Term
The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is directly used to
a. make citric acid.
b. make lactic acid.
c. split water molecules.
d. transport H+ ions. |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Interpret Visuals What does Figure 10–10 represent? How do you know if this is an animal cell or a plant cell?
a. It shows various stages of meiosis in an animal cell. We know this is an animal cell because of the presence of chromosomes.
b. It shows various stages of meiosis in an animal cell. We know this is an animal cell because of the presence of centrioles and the shape of the cells.
c. It shows various stages of mitosis in an animal cell. We know this is an animal cell because of the presence of chromosomes and the shape of the cells.
d. It shows various stages of mitosis in an animal cell. We know this is an animal cell because of the presence of centrioles and the shape of the cells. |
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Definition
| d. It shows various stages of mitosis in an animal cell. We know this is an animal cell because of the presence of centrioles and the shape of the cells. |
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Term
High-energy electrons that move down the electron transport chain ultimately provide the energy needed to
a. transport water molecules across the membrane.
b. break down glucose into pyruvic acid molecules.
c. convert carbon dioxide into water molecules.
d. convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules. |
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Definition
| d. convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules. |
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Term
[image]
Which trait is most likely linked to having a curved wing in the fruit fly in Figure 11–5?
a. dumpy wing
b. vestigial wing
c. arc (bent wings)
d. speck wing |
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Definition
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Term
Variation in human skin color is an example of
a. polygenic traits.
b. incomplete dominance.
c. multiple alleles.
d. codominance. |
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Definition
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Term
Gene maps are based on
a. the frequencies of crossing-over. b. genetic diversity.
c. independent assortment.
d. the number of genes in a cell. |
|
Definition
| a. the frequencies of crossing-over. |
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Term
[image]
In Figure 10–4, what role does structure A play in mitosis?
a. replicate DNA
b. increase cell volume
c. connect to spindle fibers
d. dissolve nuclear envelope |
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Definition
| c. connect to spindle fibers |
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Term
[image]
Predict Look at the cancer cells shown in Figure 10–12. What can happen if these cells are left untreated?
a. They will eventually stop growing and begin to shrink back to normal size and then go away.
b. They can break loose from the mass they are now a part of and spread throughout the body, disrupting normal activities, forming secondary tumors, and causing serious medical problems.
c. They won't respond to chemotherapy or radiation.
d. Nothing will happen if they are left untreated. |
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Definition
| b. They can break loose from the mass they are now a part of and spread throughout the body, disrupting normal activities, forming secondary tumors, and causing serious medical problems |
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Term
The different forms of a gene are called
a. alleles.
b. pollinations.
c. hybrids.
d. traits. |
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Definition
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Term
In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the
a. cell membrane.
b. nucleus.
c. cytoplasm.
d. inner mitochondrial membrane. |
|
Definition
| d. inner mitochondrial membrane. |
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Term
Why are stem cells important?
a. They have specialized DNA.
b. They are incapable of becoming cancer cells.
c. They have the potential to undergo cell division.
d. They have the potential to develop into other cell types. |
|
Definition
| d. They have the potential to develop into other cell types. |
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Term
Gregor Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to
a. stimulate self-pollination.
b. prevent cross-pollination.
c. prevent hybrids from forming.
d. control crosses between plants. |
|
Definition
| d. control crosses between plants. |
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Term
The Krebs cycle does NOT occur if
a. oxygen is not present.
b. glycolysis occurs.
c. carbon dioxide is present.
d. oxygen is present. |
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Definition
| a. oxygen is not present. |
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Term
Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
a. It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
b. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.
c. It becomes more difficult for the cell to get rid of wastes.
d. The cell’s volume increases. |
|
Definition
| b. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA. |
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Term
Linked genes
a. are never separated.
b. are always recessive.
c. are on the same chromosome.
d. assort independently. |
|
Definition
| c. are on the same chromosome. |
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|
Term
What do bacteriophages infect?
a. mice.
b. humans.
c. viruses.
d. bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix?
a. Franklin
b. Griffith
c. Watson and Crick
d. Hershey and Chase |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is one of the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes?
a. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.
b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
c. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. d. Photosynthesis consumes glucose, and cellular respiration produces glucose. |
|
Definition
| b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. |
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Term
During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later on in development, the cells will become specialized through a process called
a. apoptosis.
b. interphase.
c. cytokinesis.
d. differentiation. |
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Definition
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Term
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
a. 2N daughter cells.
b. diploid cells.
c. body cells.
d. haploid cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff’s contribution to the study of DNA?
a. Chargaff’s experiments conclusively proved that DNA was made of nucleotides, but he could not show that there four types of nitrogenous bases.
b. Chargaff’s work proved that DNA could be made using radioactive nucleotides, but he did not show that DNA could be transferred from one organism to another.
c. Chargaff hypothesized that DNA was a double helix, but he did not produce the image that proved this fact.
d. Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in equal percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base-pairing. |
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Definition
| d. Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in equal percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base-pairing |
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Term
If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce
a. yellow peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for green peas.
b. green peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for yellow peas.
c. both green peas and yellow peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas.
d. green peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas. |
|
Definition
| b. green peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for yellow peas. |
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Term
[image]
If carbon dioxide is not present, the pathway labeled C in Figure 9–4 usually will not occur.
True or False |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which would be greater in a eukaryote than in a prokaryote?
a. The total number of base pairs in a chromosome.
b. The total amount of DNA in a cell.
c. The number of replication forks on a strand of DNA. d. The percentage of guanine nucleotides. |
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Definition
| c. The number of replication forks on a strand of DNA. |
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Term
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
b. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
c. interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
d. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase |
|
Definition
| a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
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Term
Roan cattle show codominance for the color of their hair. There are alleles for red hair and white hair. What would you expect a heterozygous roan bull to look like if the trait showed incomplete dominance instead?
a. It would be red.
b. It would be spotted.
c. It would be pink.
d. It would be white. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
[image]
The structures labeled B in Figure 10–5 are called
a. spindles.
b. centrioles.
c. sister chromatids.
d. centromeres. |
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Definition
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Term
[image]
Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentage of cytosine in the DNA of the bacterium, S. Lutea in Figure 12–3, should be around
a. 36.6%.
b. 29.4%.
c. 26.6%.
d. 73.2%. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
As a cell’s size increases, its ratio of surface area to volume increases.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Infer According to Figure 11–7, if red-flowered snapdragons and ivory-flowered snapdragons are crossed, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered?
a. One hundred percent of the offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered.
b. Seventy five percent of the offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered.
c. Fifty percent of the offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered.
d. Zero percent of the offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered. |
|
Definition
| a. One hundred percent of the offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered. |
|
|
Term
One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
a. centromeres.
b. chromatin.
c. a cell plate.
d. centrioles. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
For the trait of blood type in humans, there is an allele for Type A, an allele for Type B, and an allele for Type O. Each person inherits one of these alleles from each of their parents, and their blood type is determined by what combination of these alleles they receive. Blood type is inherited as a polygenic trait.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process?
a. alcoholic fermentation
b. the Krebs cycle
c. lactic acid fermentation
d. glycolysis |
|
Definition
| a. alcoholic fermentation |
|
|
Term
Glycolysis requires
a. NADP+.
b. ATP.
c. oxygen.
d. sunlight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the effort to identify the structure of DNA?
a. x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule
b. the ratios of the two sets of nucleotide pairs in DNA
c. models made of cardboard and wire showing the shape of DNA
d. radioactive evidence that DNA carried the genetic code |
|
Definition
| a. x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule |
|
|
Term
A bacteriophage is larger than a bacterium.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Interpret Tables Identify the genotype of the offspring that would be represented by the question mark in Figure 11–6.
a. BbRR
b. bbRr
c. bbRR
d. BBRr |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
During which phase(s) of mitosis are structures like the one shown in Figure 10–5 visible?
Selected: a. prophase, metaphase, and anaphaseThis answer is correct.
b. metaphase only
c. anaphase only
d. anaphase and interphase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
During which phase(s) of mitosis are structures like the one shown in Figure 10–5 visible?
a. prophase, metaphase, and anaphase
b. metaphase only
c. anaphase only
d. anaphase and interphase |
|
Definition
| a. prophase, metaphase, and anaphase |
|
|
Term
In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important?
a. sex cells
b. nerve cells
c. skin cells
d. bone cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
The structure shown in Figure 10–5 is a replicated chromosome.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A DNA strand that had the sequence TACGTT would have a complimentary strand ATCGAT.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
a. spindle fibers.
b. size.
c. surface area.
d. growth rate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Interpret Visuals List the stages in Figure 11–8 in which the cells are 2N and those in which the cells are N.
a. The cells in stages A, B, and C are 2N. The cells in stages D, E, F, and G are N.
b. The cells in stages A, B, C, D, E and F are 2N. The cells in stage G is N.
c. The cells in stages A, B, and C are N. The cells in stages D, E, F, and G are 2N.
d. The cells in stage A is 2N. The cells in stages B,C,D, E, F, and G are N. |
|
Definition
| a. The cells in stages A, B, and C are 2N. The cells in stages D, E, F, and G are N. |
|
|
Term
When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
a. 1/2
b. 1/4
c. 1
d. 1/8 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following include all the others?
a. histones
b. DNA molecules
c. chromosomes
d. nucleosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Electron carriers bring electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain.
True or False |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
a. light.
b. oxygen.
c. exercise.
d. glucose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What determines the color of western white butterflies?
a. genes alone.
b. temperature and genes
c. exposure to sunlight and genesÂ
d. the environment alone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A student placed three cubes of agar that contained the indicator phenolphthalein in a beaker of vinegar. The sides of the cubes were the following lengths: 3 cm, 2 cm, and 1 cm. In the presence of an acid, such as vinegar, phenolphthalein turns from pink to clear. After 10 minutes, the student cut each cube open and measured the distance that the vinegar had diffused into each cube. She then started to complete the data table.
[image]
Predict Examine Figure 10–11. In which cube will the vinegar take the longest time to diffuse into the center? In which tube will the vinegar take the shortest time to diffuse into the center?
a. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 1 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 3 cm sides.
b. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 3 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 1 cm sides.
c. The vinegar will reach the center of each cube at the same time.
d. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 3 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 2 cm sides. |
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Definition
b. The vinegar will take the longest amount of time to diffuse to the center of the 3 cm cube. It will take the shortest amount of time to reach the center of the 1 cm sides. |
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Term
A scientist set up a respiration chamber as shown below. She placed a mouse in flask B. Into flasks A, C, and D, she poured distilled water mixed with the acid-base indicator phenolphthalein. In the presence of CO2, phenolphthalein turns from pink to clear. She allowed the mouse to stay in the chamber for about an hour.
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Predict Assume that the scientist set up an identical respiration chamber, except that in this setup she placed a mouse that had been exercising on a hamster wheel. Then, the scientist measured the amount of CO2 given off by both mice at the end of 15 minutes. Predict which setup produced the most CO2.
a. The mouse that had been exercising should give off more CO2 because this mouse will be breathing more heavily.
b. The mouse that had NOT been exercising should give off more CO2 because this mouse will be breathing more heavily.
c. The mouse that had been exercising should give off more O2 because this mouse will be breathing more heavily.
d. Both mice would give off the same amount of CO2. |
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Definition
| a. The mouse that had been exercising should give off more CO2 because this mouse will be breathing more heavily. |
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Term
A trait in an unidentified plant is controlled by one gene that has two alleles. One allele is dominant over the other. According to Mendel’s principles, one fourth of the offspring made from a cross between two heterozygous plants will show the recessive trait.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
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The table in Figure 12–3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around
a. 28.8%
b. 19.9%
c. 13.4%
d. 21.5% |
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Definition
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Term
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
a. telophase
b. prophase
c. anaphase
d. metaphase |
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Definition
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Term
When cells are grown in a laboratory, which of the following is a factor that can stop normal cells from dividing?
a. contact with other cells
b. injection of cyclin
c. growth factors
d. a cut in the skin |
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Definition
| a. contact with other cells |
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Term
Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
a. cause cancer.
b. work to heal wounds.
c. regulate the cell cycle.
d. produce p53. |
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Definition
| c. regulate the cell cycle. |
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Term
In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because
a. the allele for shortness becomes more common in the F2 generation.
b. the alleles for both heights segregated when the F1 plants made gametes.
c. the alleles for tallness begin to disappear in the F2Â generation.
d. the allele for shortness becomes dominant in the F2 generation. |
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Definition
| b. the alleles for both heights segregated when the F1 plants made gametes. |
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Term
What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?
a. Genetic information is copied.
b. Genetic information is stored.
c. Genetic information is lost.
d. Genetic information is transmitted. |
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Definition
| c. Genetic information is lost. |
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