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| Study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment |
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| Study of all living things |
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| Study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities |
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| A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characters; unequal reproductive success. |
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| The expressed traits of an organism |
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| An ordered sequence of events(including interphase and the mitotic phase) that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is first formed from a dividing parents cel until its own division into two cells |
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| An organism that secretes enzymes that digest molecules in organic material and convert them to inorganic form |
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| The close physical association of member of different species. |
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| The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose , and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis. |
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| The genetic makeup of an organism |
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| The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria transform light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugars. This process requires an input or carbon dioxide and water and produces oxygen gas as a waste product |
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| A type of cell that has a membrane -enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells |
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| Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures . Therefore, they do not have a nucleus, but, instead, generally have a single chromosome: a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA located in an area of the cell called the nucleoid. |
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| Understand the hierarchy of life |
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| Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom. |
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Competition can result from overproduction and limited resources, because there are too many individuals than can be supported by the environment so there is a constant competition for the limited resources.
Competition can also result from two species that require the same resources to survive and they compete for those resources. |
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| the energy transfer from one trophic level to the next level |
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| (Pg. 320) Primary producers on the first trophic level, including plants and algae, capture the energy of sunlight and convert it to chemical energy. On the second trophic level, primary consumers (herbivores, such as caterpillars) obtain the energy of primary producers by eating them. They lose some of the chemical energy from the plants as heat. On the third trophic level, secondary consumers (carnivores, such as birds) gain the chemical energy of primary consumers by eating them. On the fourth trophic level, tertiary consumers are top-level predators that consume organisms in the lower trophic levels. Each of these levels loses some energy as heat. The chemical energy that is left behind goes back to the decomposers (fungi), that break down non living matter and release it as heat. |
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| the concept of Natural Selection |
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| Natural selection in a process in which organisms with certain inherited characters are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characters; unequal reproductive success. |
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| an inherited character that enhances an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. |
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| *ONLY inherited characteristics are passed on.* |
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Science uses the scientific method
Pseudoscience is based on belief |
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| Understand evolution and the idea of a common ancestor |
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Evolution is descent with modification; genetic change in a population or species over generations; the heritable changes that have produced earth’s diversity of organisms.
A group of organisms share common descent if they have a common ancestor. There is strong quantitative support for the theory that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor. |
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| The division of the nucleus into two offspring nuclei |
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| uncondensed, chromosomes duplicate. |
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| pertains to the degree of similarity, as in position or structure, and that may indicate a common origin. They may arise from a common ancestor or evolutionary origin. An example would be the forelimbs of humans and bats. These structures are described as homologous. |
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