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Biology Final
cramming for final.
79
Biology
9th Grade
06/02/2011

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Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Organism without a nucleus
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Organism with a nucleus
Term
Adaption
Definition
the adjustment or changes in behavior to become more suited for an environment
Term
Acclimation
Definition
Adaption to a new environment or to a change in the old
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the tendacy of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions regardless of outside conditions
Term
Diversity
Definition
the number and variety of species present in an area and their spacial population
Term
Growth
Definition
the radual increase of an organism overtime
Term
Development
Definition
the series of changes an organism goes through before reaching maturity
Term
Phototropism
Definition
movement or growth towards a source of light
Term
Gravitropism
Definition
directional growth roots growin downward, shoots growing upward
Term
Thigmotropism
Definition
a movement towards or away a touch stimulus
Term
Anabolism
Definition
the process of a sequence of chemical reactions that makes larger molecules from smaller molecules
Term
Catabolism
Definition
process the breaks down larger units to smaller units, releasing energy in the process
Term
Biotic
Definition
created by a living thing in which the organism affects another organism (living)
Term
Abiotic
Definition
non-living
Term
Autotroph
Definition
produces their own food
Term
Heterotrophs
Definition
feed on autotrophs or other heterotrophs
Term
Ectotherm
Definition
organism whose body temperature varies with the surrounding temperature (cold=blooded)
Term
Endotherm
Definition
organism that maintains its own body temperature (warm-blooded)
Term
Herbivores
Definition
feeds on plants
Term
Carnivores
Definition
feeds on other organisms
Term
Detritivore
Definition
organism that feeds on organic waste
Term
Regulators
Definition
a substance or process that regulates or contols another
Term
Prey
Definition
animal being eaten
Term
Predators
Definition
animal hunting
Term
Mutualism
Definition
a relationship where both organisms benefit from their association
Term
Commensalism
Definition
relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not affected
Term
Ectoparasite
Definition
parasite on the outside of the host
Term
Endoparasite
Definition
parasite that lives on the inside of the host
Term
Competition
Definition
competing for food, space, water, mates, shelter, ecological statuses
Term
Range
Definition
where an organism tends to stay
Term
Population Density
Definition
number of individuals in a population relative to space
Term
Expotential Growth
Definition
a rate of growth of an organism or a population, when graphed produces a logarithmic curve
Term
Logstic Growth
Definition
S-shaped curve
Term
Immigration
Definition
migration into a place (usually not native)
Term
Primary Succession
Definition
occurs on an opening of inhabitated, barren space
Term
Secondary Succession
Definition
occurs on a pre-existing soil after 1st succession is disrupted or destroyed
Term
Direct Observation
Definition
researcher is the observer
Term
Indrect Observation
Definition
researcher relies on other researcher's work
Term
Relationship with variables
Definition
independent is manipulated so it can effect the deoendent variable
Term
3 parts of an atom
Definition
proton=positive
neutron-neutral
electron=negative
Term
Ionic bonds
Definition
linked together by oppositely charged ion
Term
Covalent Bonds
Definition
linked by sharing electrons
Term
dehydration
Definition
removal of water
Term
dehydration synthesis
Definition
addition of water
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1. All organisms are made of 1 or more cells
2. cell is basic unit of all living things
3. all cells come from existing cells
Term
Nucleus
Definition
the control center of a cell
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
processes of respiration and and energy production occur here
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Surrounds Cytoplasm of Cell
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
consists of RNA and other proteins. Binds messenger RNA
Term
Endoplasmic REticulum
Definition
1.A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Term
Golgi Bodies
Definition
1.A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm, involved in secretion and intracellular transport
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
1.A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase
Term
Vacuole
Definition
1.A space or vesicle within the cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid
Term
Lysosome
Definition
organelle in eukayotes containing enzymes
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
material suspending all organelles within a cell
Term
Centrioles
Definition
usually found in animal cells
used for cell splitting
Term
Diffusion
Definition
passive transport, net movement of molecules in and out of the cell
Term
Osmosis
Definition
1. Diffusion of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
Transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
lower concentration of solutes
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
higher concentration of solutes
Term
Isotonic
Definition
equal concentration of solutes
Term
Light dependent reactions
Definition
1st part of photosynthesis, collect light from the sun, changing H20 and making ATP and NADPH
Term
Light Independent Reaction
Definition
Does not need sunlight, Takes ATP, NADPH, and CO2 and changes to ADP and NADP+
Term
Photosynthesis Equation
Definition
6 H2O 6 CO2 --> C6H12O6+O2
Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid
Term
Nitrogen Bases of DNA
Definition
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).
A binds with T
G binds with C
Term
Nucleotide Bases of DNA
Definition
sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate
Term
RNA
Definition
Ribonucleic acid
Term
Nitrogen Bases of RNA
Definition
adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The fourth base in RNA is uracil (U)
Term
Transcription
Definition
making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA
eukaryotes: nucleus
prokaryotes: cytoplasm
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic constitution of an individual organism
Term
phenotype
Definition
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
Term
Allele
Definition
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
Term
heterozygous
Definition
having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
Term
homozygous
Definition
having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
Term
Homolgous
Definition
Having the same relation, relative position, or structure, in particular.
Term
Analogous Structures
Definition
Different structure sizes
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