Term
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Definition
| caused by mutagens (chemical or physical) |
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Term
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Definition
| change in primary structure of protein |
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Term
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Definition
| lac operon -inudcible - breaks down lactose |
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Term
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Definition
| tryptophan operon - repressible - makes tryptophan |
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Term
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Definition
| premature termination, polypeptide is truncated |
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Term
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Definition
| sigma + core enzyme = holoenzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| exit, peptidyl, aminoacyl trna site |
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Term
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Definition
| initiation, elongation, termination |
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Term
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Definition
| initiation, elongation, termination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any treatment with S-cell DNA transformed R-strain to S-strain bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one new strand and one original parent strand |
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Term
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Definition
| helicase unwinds helix, bind proteins stabilize, topoisomerase helps stabilize, DNA POL III adds dNTPs, RNA primers are removed by DNA POL I and gaps are filled, DNA ligase connects the fragments covalently |
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Term
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Definition
| discontinuous, okazaki fragments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one gene acting above another gene |
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Term
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Definition
| single gene affects more than one characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adding CH3 group - tagging - gene control in EUkaryotes - OFF |
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Term
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Definition
| acetylation/deacetylation - tagging - gene control in EUkaryotes - ON - add HATs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extracellular signals trigger cell-specific gene expression - 2 keys - TATA box + another specific key |
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Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| spontaneous changes that do not require outside energy increase the entropy of the universe |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzes the synthesis of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| open stomata at night and carbon is fixed |
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Term
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Definition
| fix carbon where there is no rubisco, then put it in cells where there is rubisco |
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Term
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Definition
| NAD+ is regenerated so that glycolysis can continue, which produces ATP |
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Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| energy can be converted from one form to another, but can not be created or destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| no energy required, some molecules go across by transport proteins (channel:gated or ion; and carrier:transporters) |
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Term
| proteins secondary structure |
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Definition
| ahelix and Bpleated sheets |
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Term
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Definition
| requires energy, molecules move against the gradient |
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Term
| proteins primary structure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Structural–same formula/different arrangement; Geometric–same formula/different arrangement around a double bond; Optical–mirror images |
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Term
| proteins tertiary structure |
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Definition
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Term
| proteins quaternary structure |
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Definition
| multiple polypeptide chains |
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Term
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Definition
| created by dehydration and broken down by hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| fats, steroids, and cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| type of covalent bond that forms di- & poly-saccharides |
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Term
| Six major functional groups |
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Definition
| Carboxyl, Amino, Carbonyl, Hydroxyl, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| polar head, nonpolar tail |
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Term
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Definition
| polar, good solvent, adhesive and cohesive, high specific heat (amount of energy required to raise 1g by 1degree), pH of 7, high heat of vaporization |
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