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Biology Final Exam
Test Questions
40
Biology
10th Grade
06/08/2009

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Term
Independent Variable
Definition
  • The IF part of your hypothesis statement.
  • I control; I change
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
  • The THEN part of your hypothesis statement
  • What you put in your data chart.
Term
Constants
Definition
  • What you leave alone
  • What stays the same
Term
Control
Definition
  • The normal way you find your experiment
  • Nature
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
  • An educated guess
  • IF...THEN statement
Term
Theory
Definition
A broad explanation of a natural phenomena.
Term
New evidence
Definition
Analyze in terms of theory
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
  • Variation
  • Overproduction of offspring
  • Struggle (competition)
  • Survive/reproduce/advantageous gene
Term
Evidence to Support
Definition
  • Fossils (Lucy, whale blow hole)
  • Homologous structures (arms, tetropods)
  • Vestigial structures (tailbone, appendix, pelvis in snake)
  • DNA (chimps/humans 98% the same)
  • Embryology
Term
Stages of Development
Definition
If stages are similar = common ancestor
Term
Species
Definition
  • Interbreed
  • Same chromosome number
  • fertile offspring
Term
DO NOT CHOOSE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Definition
  • Wanted to
  • Needed to
  • Aquired
  • Became
Term
Inorganic vs. Organic
Definition
  • Carbohydrates
    • (CHO)
  • Lipids
    • (CHO)
  • Proteins
    • (CHON)
  • Nucleic Acids
    • (CHOPN)
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
  • Basic Building Block = Mono saccharides
  • Examples =
    • sugar;glucose
    • fruit;fructose
    • milk;lactose
    • vegetables
  • grains
  • Term
    Lipids
    Definition
    • Basic building block = phospholipids
    • Examples
      • fat
      • oil
      • waxes
      • cell membrane
    Term
    Proteins
    Definition
    • Basic Building Block = Amino Acid
    • Examples
      • Hemoglobin
      • Hair
      • Nails
      • Skin
      • Insulin
    Term
    DNA
    Definition
    • Double stranded
    • Deoxyribose
    • Directions to build proteins
    Term
    RNA
    Definition
    • Ribose
    • Single Ladder
    • Read directions to build proteins
    Term
    What can change the shape of an enzyme?
    Definition
    • Extreme pH
    • Extreme Temperature
    • Concentration
    Term
    Photosynthesis
    Definition
    only in plants
    Term
    6H2O + CO2 = Plants or photosynthesis
    Definition
    C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Cell respiration
    Term
    Why can't an equation be unbalanced?
    Definition
    Because of the law of conservation of matter
    Term
    dehydration synthesis
    Definition
    Remove water to make a double molecule
    Term
    Reactants go in
    Definition
    Products come out
    Term
    Cell respiration
    Definition
    Anything with a cell can do cell respiration
    Term
    cell membrane
    Definition
    • gatekeeper
    • semipermeable
    • (Chooses what can come in)
    Term
    Nucleus
    Definition
    • DNA
    • Without it you cannot replicate
    Term
    Cell Wall
    Definition
    • Dead layer of cellulose
    • Support/Protein
    Term
    Ribosomes
    Definition
    Protein factories
    Term
    Chloroplast
    Definition
    • Green
    • Photosynthesis
    Term
    Mitochondria
    Definition
    Turn glucose into ATP energy
    (Turns sugar into ATP energy
    Term
    Muscles have lots of mitochondria
    Definition
    They need more energy
    Term
    Passive Transport
    Definition
    • Goes along with gradient
    • Follows the law
    • No energy is needed
    • Diffusion and osmosis
    • Riding a bike downhill is easy
    Term
    Active Transport
    Definition
    • Against the law
    • Low to high areas of concentration
    • Riding a bike uphill requires a lot of energy
    Term
    The smaller cell is better
    Definition
    It has a faster rate of diffusion
    Term
    Mitosis
    Definition
    • 46 chromosomes in daughter cells
    • Daughter cells are identical
      • Grow
      • Repair
      • Homeostasis
    Term
    Meiosis
    Definition
    • Reproduction
    • Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes
    Term
    Mutation
    Definition
    Mistakes in DNA sequence
    • Deletion
    • Insertion
    • Substitution
      Exposure to
    • Radiation
    • Chemicals
    • Or it could just be an accident
    Term
    Both mitosis and meiosis copy DNA
    Definition
    Sex cells = offspring
    Term
    • Dominant
    • Recessive
    • Genotype
    • Phenotype
    Definition
    • TT
    • tt
    • TT, Ti, tt, - letters
    • words - physical traits
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