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Biology - Exploring Life
Chapter 5 Vocabulary
36
Biology
11th Grade
12/03/2011

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Term
Identify carbon skeletons and functional groups in organic molecules
Definition
Term
Relate monomers and polymers.
Definition
Term
Describe the processes of building and breaking polymers.
Definition
Term
Organic molecule
Definition
carbon based molecule
Term
Inorganic molecule`
Definition
non-carbon based molecule
Term
Hydrocarbon
Definition
organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Term
Functional group
Definition
group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules.
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
attracts water molecules
Term
Monomer
Definition
small moleculecular unit that is the bulding block of a larger molecule.
Term
Polyomer
Definition
long chain of small molecular units.
Term
What is the main ingredient of organic molecules?
Definition
Carbon
Term
Dehydration reaction
Definition
Term
Hydrolysis reaction
Definition
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
organic compound made of sugar molecules.
Term
Denaturation
Definition
loss of mormal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
Term
Polypeptide
Definition
chain of linked amino acids.
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
sugar containing one sugar unit.
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
sugar with two monosaccarides.
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers.
Term
Starch
Definition
polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers.
Term
Glycogen
Definition
polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers.
Term
Cellulose
Definition
polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls.
Term
Lipids
Definition
one of a class of water-avoiding compounds.
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
"water fearing" avoids water molecules.
Term
Fats
Definition
organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids.
Term
Saturated fat
Definition
fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms.
Term
Unsaturated fat
Definition
fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens inone or more of its fatty acid chains.
Term
Steroid
Definition
lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings.
Term
Cholestorol
Definition
steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells.
Term
Protein
Definition
polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers.
Term
Amino acid
Definition
monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups.
Term
Activation energy
Definition
Term
Catalysts
Definition
agent that speeds up chemical reactions.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell.
Term
Substrate
Definition
specific reactant acted on by an enzyme.
Term
Active site
Definition
region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.
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