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| Have primary walls that are relatively thin and flexible, and most lack secondary walls; perform most of metabolic functions; develop large central vacuole; chloroplasts. |
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| Help support young parts of the plant shoot; have thicker primary walls than parenchyma but are uneven; lack secondary walls; provide flexible support; often in young stems and petioles. |
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| Provide support; thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin; cannot elongate at maturity. |
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| Type of Sclerenchyma; short and irregular in shape; very thick, lignified secondary walls. |
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| Type of Sclerenchyma; long, slender, and tapered; usually arranged in threads. |
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| Water-conducting cells of the Xylem; long, thin, and tapered; cell to cell through piths; secondary walls strengthened with lignin; dead at functional maturity. |
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| Water-conducting cells of the Xylem; wider, shorter, thinner walled, relatively less tapered; cell to cell through perforation plates; dead at functional maturity. |
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| Sugar-conducting cells of Phloem; lack nucleus, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton; cell to cell through sieve plates. |
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| Alongside sieve tube members connected by plasmodesma |
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| Sieve-tube members and companion cells |
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| Unique cellular structures of plants |
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| Central vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall, plasmodesmata |
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