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Biology Exam Uno
wtfcd?
152
Biology
10th Grade
01/11/2010
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Term
causation
 Definition
A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable.
Term
correlation
 Definition
A close relationship between two variables in an event or situation.
Term
activation energy
 Definition
The energy that must be added to a chemical reaction to get the reactants to reach their highest-energy state.
Term
adenosine triphosphate
 Definition
Term
amino acid
 Definition
An organic molecule that functions as the building block for proteins; it contains both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group.
Term
autotroph
 Definition
Organisms that can synthesize their own food from inorganic substances.
Term
cellulose
 Definition
A polymer of glucose that is used primarily for structure in plants.
Term
ATP
 Definition
Adenosine triphosphate, a large molecule made of an adenine molecule, a ribose molecule, and three phosphate groups. ATP is often called the cell's "energy currency."
Term
chemical bond
 Definition
An attractive force between two or more atoms or ions that holds them together.
Term
covalent bond
 Definition
A chemical bond where the electrons are shared between atoms.
Term
deoxyribose
 Definition
A five-carbon monosaccharide found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Term
fibrous protein
 Definition
Protein that folds into an elongated shape so that it can serve a wide variety of structural functions in the cell.
Term
globular protein
 Definition
A protein that folds into a compact shape so that the polar and ionic amino acids are on the outside and the nonpolar amino acids are on the inside.
Term
heterotroph
 Definition
An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.
Term
hexose
 Definition
A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms.
Term
hydrogen bond
 Definition
An attractive force between a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom on one molecule and an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom on another molecule.
Term
hydrolysis reaction
 Definition
A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water.
Term
ionic bond
 Definition
A chemical bond formed by the attraction between positive and negative ions.
Term
isomer
 Definition
A compound with the same chemical formula as another compound, but with a different arrangement of atoms that gives the molecule different chemical and physical properties.
Term
lipid
 Definition
A nonpolar molecule that is not soluble in water.
Term
monomer
 Definition
A small molecule that is used to form a larger molecule.
Term
monosaccharide
 Definition
A carbohydrate that contains just one sugar unit.
Term
pentose
 Definition
A monosaccharide that contains five carbon atoms.
Term
pH scale
 Definition
A scale that indicates the acidity of a solution; it is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions.
Term
phospholipid
 Definition
A lipid molecule formed by the condensation reaction between glycerol, two fatty acid molecules, and a phosphate group.
Term
polymer
 Definition
A large molecule that is formed when small molecules are joined.
Term
polysaccharide
 Definition
A carbohydrate that contains many sugar units.
Term
primary element
 Definition
One of six chemical elements that make up more than 99% of living matter; these include calcium, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus.
Term
ribose
 Definition
A five-carbon monosaccharide found in ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Term
secondary element
 Definition
One of five chemical elements that are found in small amounts in living organisms; these include sodium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, and potassium.
Term
trace element
 Definition
An element required in minute quantities by an organism to maintain proper physical functioning.
Term
triglyceride
 Definition
A lipid molecule formed by a condensation reaction between glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.
Term
active transport
 Definition
A transport process that requires energy.
Term
anaphase
 Definition
The third step of mitosis.
Term
aqueous
 Definition
Water-based.
Term
binary fission
 Definition
Term
cell cycle
 Definition
Term
cell fractionation
 Definition
Term
chromatin
 Definition
Term
cilium
 Definition
Term
contact inhibition
 Definition
Term
cytokinesis
 Definition
Term
cytoplasm
 Definition
Term
cytoplasmic streaming
 Definition
Term
cytoskeleton
 Definition
Term
cytosol
 Definition
Term
endocytosis
 Definition
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
 Definition
Term
eukaryote
 Definition
Term
facilitated diffusion
 Definition
Term
flagellum
 Definition
Term
freeze fracture
 Definition
Term
g0 phase
 Definition
Term
g1 phase
 Definition
Term
g2 phase
 Definition
Term
golgi apparatus
 Definition
Term
hypertonic
 Definition
Term
hypotonic
 Definition
Term
in vitro
 Definition
Term
intermediate filament
 Definition
Term
interphase
 Definition
Term
chloroplast
 Definition
Term
isotonic
 Definition
Term
lysosome
 Definition
Term
m phase
 Definition
Term
metaphase
 Definition
Term
microfilament
 Definition
Term
microtubule
 Definition
Term
mitochondrion
 Definition
Term
mutagen
 Definition
Term
nuclear envelope
 Definition
Term
nuclear pore
 Definition
Term
nucleolus
 Definition
Term
osmosis
 Definition
Term
passive transport
 Definition
Term
plasma membrane
 Definition
Term
prokaryote
 Definition
Term
prokaryotic
 Definition
Term
prophase
 Definition
Term
pseudopod
 Definition
Term
s phase
 Definition
Term
selective perpeability
 Definition
Term
spontaneous generation
 Definition
Term
telophase
 Definition
Term
absorption spectrum
 Definition
Term
aerobic
 Definition
Term
anaerobic
 Definition
Term
cyclic pathway
 Definition
Term
electromagnetic radiation
 Definition
Term
endosymbiotic theory
 Definition
Term
fermentation
 Definition
Term
glycolisis
 Definition
Term
linear pathway
 Definition
Term
stroma
 Definition
Term
thylakoid
 Definition
Term
anticodon
 Definition
Term
bacterial phage
 Definition
Term
chargoff's rules
 Definition
Term
coding region
 Definition
Term
codaminance
 Definition
Term
codon
 Definition
Term
complimentary base pair
 Definition
Term
crossing over
 Definition
Term
dihybrid cross
 Definition
Term
diploid
 Definition
Term
DNA fingerprinting
 Definition
Term
DNA ligase
 Definition
Term
DNA polymerase
 Definition
Term
dominant allele
 Definition
Term
F1 generation
 Definition
Term
F2 generation
 Definition
Term
frameshift mutation
 Definition
Term
gel electrophoresis
 Definition
Term
gene expression
 Definition
Term
genetic code
 Definition
Term
genetic marker
 Definition
Term
genome
 Definition
Term
genomic library
 Definition
Term
genotype
 Definition
Term
haploid
 Definition
Term
helicase
 Definition
Term
heterozygous
 Definition
Term
homologous chromosomes
 Definition
Term
homozygous
 Definition
Term
incomplete dominance
 Definition
Term
karyotype
 Definition
Term
meiosis
 Definition
Term
monohybrid cross
 Definition
Term
nondisjunction
 Definition
Term
nuclear transfer
 Definition
Term
pedigree
 Definition
Term
phenotype
 Definition
Term
plasmid
 Definition
Term
point mutation
 Definition
Term
polygenic trait
 Definition
Term
polymerase chain reaction
 Definition
Term
polypoid
 Definition
Term
promoter
 Definition
Term
recombinant DNA
 Definition
Term
replication bubble
 Definition
Term
replication fork
 Definition
Term
restriction enzyme
 Definition
Term
sex-linked trait
 Definition
Term
sticky ends
 Definition
Term
synapsis
 Definition
Term
termination sequence
 Definition
Term
transcription
 Definition
Term
transgenic
 Definition
Term
trisomic
 Definition
Term
vector
 Definition
Term
xenotransplantation
 Definition
Term
x-ray crystallography
 Definition
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