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Definition
| the scientific study of living things. Biologists define “living things” as all the diverse organisms descended from a single-celled ancestor that evolved almost 4 billion years ago. |
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| Characteristics of living organisms |
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Definition
- Consist of one or more cells
- Contain genetic information
- Reproduce themselves
- Genetically related and have evolved
- Can convert molecules from environment into new biological molecules
- Can extract energy from environment and use it to do biological work
- Can regulate their internal environment
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| change in the genetic makeup of biological populations through time. |
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| a group of organisms that can produce viable and fertile offspring with one another. |
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| consisting of a single cell that carries out all the functions of life. |
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| the simplest structural unit of a living organism. In multicellular organisms, the building block of tissues and organs. |
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| made up of many cells that are specialized for different functions. |
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Definition
| that cells are the basic structural and physiological units of all living organisms, and that all cells come from preexisting cells. States that cells are both distinct entities and building blocks of more complex organisms. |
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| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
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Definition
| The fundamental hereditary material of all living organisms. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather than ribose. Long sequences of four different sub-units called molecules. |
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Definition
| The complete DNA sequence for a particular organism or individual. |
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Definition
| The basic chemical unit in nucleic acids, consisting of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base. |
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Definition
| A unit of heredity. Used here as the unit of genetic function which carries the information for a single polypeptide or RNA. |
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Definition
| a change in the genetic material not caused by recombination |
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| Nutrients supply an organism with: |
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Definition
| energy and raw materials for carrying out biochemical reactions. |
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Definition
- Include the small group of species that are the subject of extensive research.
- organisms that adapt well to laboratory situations and findings from experiments on them can apply across a broad range of species.
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| The first unicellular organisms were? |
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| The sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism, or some subset of that total. |
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Definition
| Metabolic processes, carried out by green plants, by which visible light is trapped and the energy used to synthesize compounds such as ATP and glucose. |
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| Consequences of photosynthesis |
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Definition
•O2 accumulated in atmosphere
•Aerobic metabolism began
• Ozone layer formed |
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Definition
| organisms whose cells contain their genetic material inside a nucleus. Includes all life other than the viruses, archaea, and bacteria. |
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Definition
| any of the membrane-enclosed structures within a eukaryotic cell. Examples include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. |
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| Multicellular organisms arose when? |
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Definition
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Definition
| cells that specialize in certain functions such as absorbing nutrients and distributing them to neighboring cells. |
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| Distinct scientific name of a species |
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Definition
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Term
1) First name in binomial indentifies species what?
2) Second name is the name of what? |
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The three domain system:
1) Replaces...
2) Seperated by... |
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Definition
1) older five kingdom system
2) molecular techniques |
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| Three new domains in domain system |
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Definition
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Definition
| organisms that are capable of living exclusively on inorganic materials, water, and some energy source such as sunlight or chemically reduced matter. |
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Definition
| organisms that require preformed organic molecules as food. |
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- How many species have been identified and named to date?
- Estimates of the total number of species range from...
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Definition
- 1.8 million
- 10 million to over 100 million
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Term
The theory of evolution was proposed by?
What year? |
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Definition
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| Structure of cilia is the same between paramecium &? |
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Definition
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| What unifies biology at different scales of size throughout the history of life on Earth? |
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Definition
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| What are the two main points of the origin of species by means of natural selection as published by Charles Darwin? |
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Definition
- Species showed evidence of “descent with modification” from common ancestors
- Natural selection is the mechanism behind “descent with modification”
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Term
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Definition
The differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by various genetic types belonging to the same population. The mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin.
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Term
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Definition
| search for information and explanation |
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Term
1) Discovery science describes what?
2)Discovery science is based on what? |
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Definition
1) Natural structures and processes
2) Observation and data analysis |
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| recorded observations or items of information |
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- Draws conclusions through the logical process of induction
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| A tentative answer to a question, from which testable predictions can be generated. |
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| A means of gaining knowledge about the natural world by making observations, posing hypotheses, and conducting experiments to test those hypthoses. |
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Definition
| experimental design in which data from various unmanipulated samples or populations are compared, but in which variables are not controlled or even necessarily identified. |
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Definition
| Experiment in which a sample is divided into groups whereby experimental groups are exposed to manipulations of an independent variable while one group serves as an untreated control. |
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Definition
- Help scientists determine if differences between groups are significant
- Applied to data to determine probability of getting a particular result even if the null hypothesis (no differences) is true
- Eliminate possibility that results are due to random variation
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