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| Consider the three-dimensional structure of DNA. Which of the following has a structure analogous to a molecule of DNA? |
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| An uncorrected mismatch error during human DNA replication can result in |
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Definition
the potential for a disease or genetic disorder. |
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Term
| Even though you and your brothers or sisters are all humans, odds are that each of you has a somewhat different genetic makeup. The molecular basis for this inherited genetic variation |
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Definition
is related to the difference in the DNA nucleotide sequence of your genes. |
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Term
During the first half of the twentieth century, as geneticists began the search for what genes are made of, they knew that the hereditary material.
-was contained in cells and was passed from generation to the next.
-must conatin all of the info necessary for life.
-had to be composed of a material that can be acuralty replicated.
needed to be sufficiantly variable to accomadate al life forms.
-all the above |
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Definition
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Term
| Which line of research did not provide some evidence that DNA is the hereditary material? |
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Definition
| using heat-killed bacteria to transform other strains of living bacteria |
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Term
| Which of the following parts of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds? |
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Definition
nucleotide bases on opposite strands of the double helix |
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Term
Before damaged DNA can be repaired, which of the following must occur?
-the damaged area must be recognized
-damaged area must be removed
-the damaged area must be replaced
-collection of various repair enzymes must be present
-all above. |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary reason DNA was first thought to be a poor candidate for the hereditary material was that |
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Definition
| DNA was believed to have a simple chemical structure with little variability. |
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Term
| The key finding of the Hershey and Chase experiments on the mechanism of viral replication was that |
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Definition
DNA, not protein, is the hereditary material. |
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Term
| The genetic disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a tragic example of the failure of DNA repair mechanisms. Specifically, XP patients possess a ________ allele that produces a nonfunctional protein whose job it would normally be to repair DNA damage caused by ________. |
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Definition
| recessive; ultraviolet light |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the process of DNA replication is false? |
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Definition
Mistakes in the copying process are very common occurrences. |
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Term
| A short sequence of bases on one strand of DNA is AGTCTACCGATAGT. If this sequence serves as a template for the formation of a new strand of DNA, what will be the corresponding base sequence in the new strand? |
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Term
| In an earlier chapter you learned that DNA analysis is one of the best ways to determine the evolutionary relationships among organisms. Which of the following pairs of organisms should therefore have the most similar sequence of bases in their DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the most important result from the experiments of Avery and colleagues? |
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Definition
| Only DNA is able to transform bacteria from one type to another. |
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Term
| Assume a cell present in your body has performed a mismatch error during the process of DNA replication. This error has resulted in the generation of a new allele for one of your genes. In order for this new allele to be inherited by your offspring, which of the following conditions must be true? |
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Definition
| The error must occur in the germ line cells responsible for the production of gametes |
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Term
| The initial focus of Griffith’s experiments on the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium was to |
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Definition
find a cure for pneumonia in humans. |
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Term
| A certain enzyme is known to be responsible for separating the two strands of a DNA molecule to facilitate the process of DNA replication. This enzyme most likely |
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Definition
breaks hydrogen bonds between bases. |
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Term
| Assume that you chemically label both strands within a molecule of DNA. You then allow this DNA to replicate using unlabeled nucleotides. Which of the following statements about the two resulting DNA molecules would be false? |
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Definition
| One molecule would contain the chemical label, the other would not. |
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