Term
| the relationship between the wavelengths of light energy and the energy they contain are |
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Definition
| Higher energy in shorter wavelengths. |
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Term
| the two major chemicals inputs for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are 2 chemical outputs of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| List the stages from the beginning to the end of the Calvin Cycle. |
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Definition
1. fixation of carbon dioxide
2. reduction of carbon dioxide
3. regeneration of RuBP |
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Term
| Pigments are molecules capable of ___ light |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the structure where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| most producers synthesize carbohydrates by the process of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| photosynthesis is the process where plants… |
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Definition
| Convert solar energy into chemical energy |
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Term
| the _____, which are produced by plants, are the only source of energy for most organisms on earth. |
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Definition
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Term
match the compounds to its fate during the light reactions:
is oxidized
is absorbed
is produced
is reduced
NADP+
ATP
solar energy
Water |
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Definition
Water -> is oxidized
NADP+ -> is reduced
ATP -> is produced
Solar energy -> is absorbed |
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Term
| what is the nonprotein helper that assists enzymes called? |
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Definition
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Term
| during photosynthesis, electrons are received by ______ at the end of electron transport chain pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| the two environmental conditions needed by C3 plants are: |
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Definition
| Moderate temperature and rainfall. |
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Term
| Photosystems I & II consist of... |
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Definition
| A pigment complex (containing chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules) And Electron Acceptor |
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Term
| Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb _____ energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants are green because they ____ the green wavelength of light |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the other molecule besides ATP that is produced in the light reaction of photosynthesis is: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| a reaction involving oxidation and reduction at the same time is referred to as a _______ reaction |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the small pores through which CO2 enters the leaf and O2 exits the leaf are called: |
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Definition
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Term
| the calvin cycle reactions occur in the _____ of the chloroplasts. |
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Definition
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Term
| NADPH supplies the _____ needed to reduce carbon dioxide |
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Definition
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Term
| Hot dry weather causes C3 plants to ______ their stomata. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| if a hydrogen atom (e- & H+) is gained by a molecule during a reaction, this is called…. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the two sources of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space during photosynthesis are: |
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Definition
| Splitting water & NADPH from Photo system 1. |
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Term
| the first molecule produced after carbon dioxide enters a C3 plant has ___ carbons |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the two sets of reactions during photosynthesis are the calvin cycle reactions and the ______ reactions |
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Definition
|
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Term
| in a C4 plant the Calvin cycle occurs only in the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Wheat, rice, and oats are examples of: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| a stack of flattened thylakoid discs is called a ____ |
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Definition
| Granum (Grana is the plural form of the world) |
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Term
| Which of the following is true about a C4 plant? |
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Definition
| An enzyme fixes carbon dioxide into a four carbon compound instead of into a three carbon molecule. |
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Term
| the three molecular complexes contained in the thylakoid membrane are: |
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Definition
| Photosystems I & II, and the electron transport chain. |
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Term
| during carbon dioxide _____, a molecule of RuBP is attached to a molecule of carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the 2 outer membranes of the chloroplast enclose a gelatinous matric called the |
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Definition
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Term
| Coal is formed from plant bodies that lived very long ago, that is why it is called a _____ fuel |
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Definition
|
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Term
| which of the following is a fluid within a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| carbon dioxide fixation occurs when ____ |
|
Definition
| A molecule of CO2 is joined to RuBP |
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Term
| Solar energy can be described by its _____ and its energy content |
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Definition
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Term
| When a molecule loses a hydrogen atom (e- + H+), the process is called: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the two sources of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space during photosynthesis are: |
|
Definition
| NADPH from Photosystem 1 and splitting of water. |
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|
Term
| During the Calvin cycle, which takes place in the Stroma, carbon dioxide (Co2) is _____ to a carbohydrate. (G3P) |
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Definition
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Term
| the _____ pathway uses different cells for carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ molecules of G3P have to be used to reform three molecules of RuBP. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the primary advantage of the CAM pathway is: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the passage of electrons along a series of membrane-bound molecules from a higher to lower energy level is called the _____ ______ _______ |
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Definition
| ETC – Electron transport chain |
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Term
| the electron acceptor in photosystem 1 passes electrons to a ____ molecule. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| c3 plants and c4 plants both have mesophyll cells, but c4 plants also have ___ sheath cells. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| as hydrogen ions diffuse through _____ the energy of their movement leads to the production of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| During hot, dry weather both C3 plants and C4 plants close their stomata, however c4 plants have an advantage over c3 plants. Why? |
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Definition
| The RuBisCo in C4 plants is not exposed to enough oxygen. (in moderate weather c3 plants normally have an advantage) |
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Term
| the energy to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space is provided by electrons moving down the ____ ___ ___ |
|
Definition
| ETC - Electron Transport Chain |
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Term
| the energy required for the reduction of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis is obtained from molecules of _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the polysaccharide of which plant cell walls are formed is ____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the function of “antenna pigments” in the light reaction of photosynthesis is: |
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Definition
| To pass energy between pigments to the chlrophyll a reaction center. |
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Term
| which of the following lists visible light from the longest to shortest wavelength? |
|
Definition
| Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet |
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|
Term
| during photosynthesis, when a water molecule is split, the two ______ ions remain in the ____ space. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When the chlorophyll at the reaction center of photosystem II loses its electrons, these are replaced by electrons from: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| reduction of carbon dioxide is the sequence of reactions that uses ____ and ATP from the light reaction. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the molecule used by plants to make all other molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a cactus uses a photosynthetic process called _____ photosynthesis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which color has the longest visible wavelength? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| CAM plants such as Cacti are adapted to dry climates and only open their ____ at night |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which term best describes the process by which plants produce food and oxygen using the sun’s energy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants are green because they contain large amounts of green pigments called chlorophylls. What purpose does chlorophyll serve for plants? |
|
Definition
| It absorbs energy from the sun. |
|
|
Term
| Which term describes animals that feed solely on plants? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What color wavelengths does chlorophylls absorb the best? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does Chlorophyll or Carotenoids reflect green light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes leaves to appear green? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are accessory pigments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are carotenoids most noticeable? |
|
Definition
| In fall when leaves begin to change colors. |
|
|
Term
| what color do carotenoids appear to be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What range do carotenoids absorb color in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first step in the Calvin cycle? |
|
Definition
| The fixation of carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| What else is the Calvin cycle known as? |
|
Definition
| The light-independent reactions |
|
|
Term
| when carbon dioxide undergoes reduction, where is the energy supplied from? |
|
Definition
| ATP and NADPH from light reactions. |
|
|
Term
| The reduction of carbon dioxide produces the carbohydrate ____ |
|
Definition
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
|
|
Term
| in the second step of the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide underdoes _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ____ of chloroplasts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The carbohydrate product that exists the Calvin cycle is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It takes how many rounds of the Calvin cycle reactions to allow one molecule of G3P to exit before making carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| G3P can be metabolized into _____, which can be combined with fructose to form ______ |
|
Definition
| Glucose Phosphate; sucrose |
|
|
Term
| Glucose phosphate is also the starting point for the complex carbohydrates ____ and cellulose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants that have evolved in hot, dry conditions carry out ….. photosynthesis instead of _______ photosynthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In c4 photosynthesis, the first detachable molecule following carbon dioxide ____ is a molecule composed of ______ carbon atoms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in C4 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs only in the ______ cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C4 plants thrive in hot, dry climates where their ______ close, which prevents rubisco from being exposed to oxygen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In moderate climates, C3 plants ordinarily have the _____ over C4 plants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C3 Photosynthesis is named for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C3 Photosynthesis is carried out by many ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C3 photosynthesis process occurs entirely_____ _____ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C4 photosynthesis pumps…. |
|
Definition
| A four-carbon molecule into the bundle of sheath cells. |
|
|
Term
| A representation of a partitioning in space is…. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle of sheath cells for ____ photosynthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis that occurs in warm climates… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis that occurs in hot and dry weather is _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis that is representation of partitioning in time: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What photosynthesis aids in the conservation of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CAM temporarily stores ______ _____ ______ in the ______ cells. |
|
Definition
| Four-carbon molecules; mesophyll |
|
|
Term
| What can be combined with Glucose Phosphate to from sucrose? |
|
Definition
| Fructose (it removes the phosphate.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The molecule that plants use to transport carbs from one part of the plant to another. |
|
|
Term
| What is glucose phosphate the starting point of? |
|
Definition
| The synthesis of starch and cellulose. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The storage form of glucose |
|
|
Term
| where is most starch stored? Where is the rest stored? |
|
Definition
| Amyloplasts (plant roots). The rest is stored in chloroplasts. |
|
|
Term
| What is cellulose? What does it do and why? |
|
Definition
| A structural component of a plant cell wall. It serves as fiber in our diets because we are unable to digest it. |
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Term
|
Definition
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