Term
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Definition
| the ratio of an object’s image size to its actual size |
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Term
| magnification, resolution & contrast |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the clarity of an image as a result of magnification |
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Term
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Definition
the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as
two unique points |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the distinguishability of different parts of a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| scientists stain parts of samples different colors to increase this |
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Term
| light microscope, scanningelectron microscope , transmission electron microscope |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
passes visible light through a specimen and then through glass lenses which
refract the light and magnify the image
maximum magnification: 1000×
resolution limit: 200 nanometers |
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Term
| scanningelectron microscope (SEM) |
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Definition
focuses a beam of electrons across the surface of a specimen
gives a 3-dimensional image of the surface of the specimen
can only be used on dead or non-living samples
resolution limit: 2 nanometers – 0.002 nanometers |
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Term
| transmission electron microscope (TEM) |
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Definition
focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen
gives extremely detailed images of the interior of cells
can only be used on dead or nonliving specimens
resolution limit: 2 nanometers – 0.002 nanometers |
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Term
EMs
- more detailed
- allow to see within a cell's interior
- allow to see outer surface
LMs
- cheaper
- faster to use
- observe living cells
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Definition
What is the difference between Light Microscopes and Electron Microscopes?
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Term
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Definition
| separates major cell organelles and subcellular structure to be studied |
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Term
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Definition
| an instrument that spins samples at extreme speeds to separate the contents of the cell |
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Term
| prokaryotes & eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
defined by the lack of internal membrane structures
typically smaller than eukaryotes
exist as relatively simple unicellular organisms (simpler than eukaryotes, but still
complex enough for life)
includes: bacteria and archaebacteria |
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Term
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Definition
defined by the presence of internal membrane structures
large, complex cells
can possibly form multicellular organisms
includes: animals, plants, fungi, and protists |
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Term
| internalmembrane structures |
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Definition
Note: Current debate ensues on how to classify protists, and some scientists do
not consider them eukaryotes, but they do have |
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Term
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Definition
| Note: Bacteria and archaebacteria are two completely different |
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Term
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Definition
outer membrane present for ALL cells (both eukaryotes and prokaryotes); internal
membrane structures only exist in eukaryotes (These notes apply to all membranes, not
just the outer membrane.) |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of the lipid bilayer |
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Term
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Definition
| phospholipids with hydrophobic fatty acid tails and hydrophilic phosphate heads |
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Term
| a semi-permeable membrane |
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Definition
certain small molecules can diffuse through
larger molecules can enter through specific membrane protein channels |
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Term
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Definition
molecules tend to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower
concentration
membranes can be used to establish these areas of concentration and either maintain
or change them |
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Term
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Definition
membrane embedded protein with a carbohydrate attached to it
used in cell-to-cell communication |
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Term
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Definition
| can increase fluidity of a membrane |
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Term
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Definition
are more fluid than saturated fats because of the kink in the fatty
acid chain |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma membranes contain copious amounts of |
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Term
“fluid” because individual molecules that make up the protein move
around; “mosaic” because membrane is made of a collection of phospholipids,
proteins, and other large molecules |
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Definition
| how does the fluid mosaic model get its name? |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs at a maximum surface area to volume ratio |
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