Term
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Definition
| Life arising from nonlife in early earth conditions |
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Term
| What is spontaneous generation? |
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Definition
| The belief that mulitcellular organisms arise from non-living things. |
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Term
| What scientific experiment did Louis Pasteure conduct? |
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Definition
| He tested the theory of spontaneous generation by placing two beakers of broth side by side: one was open to the air and the other had a curved tube. The expirament concluded that only the beaker without the curved tube produced bacteria. |
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Term
| Why do most cells only range from 1-100 Macrometers? |
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Definition
| Functionability. If they were any larger, it would be extremely difficult for them to receive nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell's ability to gain materials when it is extremely small- it requires almost no effort. |
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Term
| What is the first principle of the cell theory? |
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Definition
| All known living things are made up of cells (plants and animals) |
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Term
| What is the second principle of the cell theory? |
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Definition
| The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living things. |
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Term
| What is the third principle of the cell theory? |
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Definition
| That all cells come from pre-existing cells by division (spontaneous generation does not occur) |
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Term
| What is the fourth principle of the Cell Theory? |
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Definition
| That all cells contain DNA |
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Term
| What is the fifth principle of the cell theory? |
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Definition
| That all cells are basically the same in chemical composition. |
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Term
| What is the sixth principle of the cell theory? |
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Definition
| That all energy flow occurs inside a cell |
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Term
| What are the two main types of cells? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
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Term
| What two kingdoms are Prokaryotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are bacterial cell walls made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How big are Prokaryotic Cells? |
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Definition
| They range from 5-10 Macrometers |
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Term
| What are the distinguishing characteristics of Bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does bacteria contain DNA, RNA, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Archea cell walls made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does Archea contain DNA, RNA, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the defining characteristic of Archea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kingdoms are in the Domain Eukaryote? |
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Definition
| Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, and Protists |
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Term
| What two kingdoms in Eukaryotes have cell walls? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| It's like a layer of jello, membrane of a cell |
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Term
| What is cell membrane made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three things that all cells have in common? |
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Definition
| 1) All have a membrane 2) All contain DNA 3) All contain ATP |
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Term
| What are the functions of cholesterol in a cell membrane? |
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Definition
| 1) To make a stronger bilayer, 2) To make it more flexible, 3) to make it less permeable |
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Term
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Definition
| They act as carriers and passageways in the cell membrane |
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Term
| What type of protein regulates the passage of Ion molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are transport proteins? |
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Definition
| regulate the passage of molecules (combined with a protien) through tht membrane. Ex: Glucose and amino acids |
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Term
| What type of proteins contain glycoproteins? |
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Definition
| Cell recognition proteins |
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Term
| What are receptor proteins? |
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Definition
| They are specific and can cause a shape change, triggering a cellular response. Ex: hormones |
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Term
| What type of protein carries out metabolic reactions directly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are junction proteins? |
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Definition
| Cell to cell communication. Ex: If you took your heart out and put it on the table, it would keep beating because of these proteins. |
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Term
| What three things make up the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| 1) Phospholipids, 2) Cholesterol, 3) Proteins |
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Term
| What is the Nuclear Envelope? |
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Definition
| The nuclear membrane is a double membrane. It controls what goes in and out of the Nucleus (DNA stays in) |
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Term
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Definition
| A double membrane bound, visible organelle. |
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Term
| What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? |
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Definition
| A series of Membrane enclosed tubes in the cytoplasm. Comes in forms of Rough ER and Smooth ER. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth ER is the major site of lipid synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Have ribosomes on them, which are the site of Protein synthesis. |
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Term
| Where is Smooth ER located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is Rough ER located? |
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Definition
| It's a branch of the Smooth ER- further away from nucleus |
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Term
| What is the Golgi Apparatus? |
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Definition
| It processes proteins and molecules to make them functional and prepared for export. |
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Term
| Where is the Golgi Apparatus located? |
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Definition
| Adjacent to the Smooth ER |
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Term
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Definition
| It contains digestive enzymes to break down food particles or used organelles. (More acidic PH) |
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Term
| What does Hydrolidic mean? |
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Definition
| The use of a water molecule to split up organelles. (Lysosome) |
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Term
| What does Hydrolaces mean? |
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Definition
| Breaking down molecules into components. Only active at low PH. (Lysosome) |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks down glucose to make ENERGY. (Synthesizing ATP). Site of aerobic (using oxygen) cellular respiration. Found in both plants and animals. About the size of bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found only in plant cells, similar to mitochondria. A double membraned cell, it is the site of photosynthesis. Contains Chlorophyll. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA and assorted proteins, arranged in chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Do plants contain Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Present in both animal and plant cells. Membranous sacs, can be specialized. EX: Digestive |
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Term
| What is the Central Vacuole? |
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Definition
| Only found in plants, regulates water content in cell. May contain toxins for defense, stores sugars and amino acids, regulates turgor pressure, can contain pigments. (Main functions: Storage and Turgor Pressure) |
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Term
| What is the Cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| A network of protein fibers. Found throughout the cell, helps the organism stay together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slender, MOVABLE extensions of the plasma membrane. Found in oviducts and other similar places. Shorter, more numerous, parallel direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found on sperm. Longer, fewer, perpendicular motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane lined channels that pass through the cell wall. Allows direct exchange of some materials, mainly water and small molecules. |
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Term
| What is the Extracellular Matrix? |
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Definition
| HOLDS CELLS TOGETHER. Network of polysaccharides and proteins. Can be flexible or hard. (Collagen-strength, Elastic fibers- resilience, Polysaccharides- provide packing and rapid diffusion of metabolites) |
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Term
| What are adhesion junctions? |
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Definition
| Sturdy but flexible, allows for stretching. (Stomach) |
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Term
| What are tight junctions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Allow cells to communicate- heart and smooth muscle- contact together. |
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Term
| Where is the Extracellular Matrix located? |
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Definition
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