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Biology Chapter 20 Vocab
For 9th grade biology, these are the toughest words in Chapter 20
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Biology
9th Grade
04/18/2023

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Term
Prokaryote
Definition
single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus
Term
Bacilli
Definition
rod-shaped prokaryotes
Term
Cocci
Definition
spherical shaped prokaryotes
Term
Spirilla
Definition
spiral-shaped prokaryotes
Term
Chemoheterotrophs
Definition
must take in organic molecules for food and energy
Term
Photoheterotrophs
Definition
photosynthetic but also must take in organic compounds
Term
Chemoautotrophs
Definition
make their own food using energy in chemicals
Term
Photoautotrophs
Definition
photosynthetic organisms
Term
Obligate aerobes
Definition
require a constant supply of oxygen to live
Term
Obligate anaerobes
Definition
must live in the absence of oxygen
Term
Facultative aerobes
Definition
can survive with or without oxygen
Term
Binary Fission
Definition
bacteria grows until it doubles it sizes and simply splits in 2 daughter cell
Term
Conjugation
Definition
a process of exchanging genetic information
Term
Endospore
Definition
one type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA
Term
Nitrogen Fixation
Definition
bacteria convert nitrogen from the air into a molecule that plants can absorb
Term
Capsid
Definition
protein coat of the virus
Term
Prophage
Definition
viral DNA in the host DNA
Term
Virus
Definition
particles of nucleic acids and proteins; non-living;reproduce
Term
Retrovirus
Definition
viruses that have RNA as their genetic material
Term
Bacteriophage
Definition
viruses that infect bacteria
Term
Viroids
Definition
single stranded RNA molecules that have no surrounding capsids; affect plant cells
Term
Prions
Definition
protein molecules that cause disease; affect animal cells
Term
Pathogens
Definition
disease-causing agents
Term
Vaccine
Definition
preparation of weakened or killed pathogen
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