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| basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms |
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| states that (1)organisms are made of one oro more cells; (2)cells are the basic unit of life; and (3)all cells come only from other cells |
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| flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell |
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| specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation |
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| unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell |
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| center of the atom, in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA |
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| microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
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| property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell |
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| plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside |
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| protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane |
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| a plasma membrane with components constantly in motion, sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer |
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| semifluid material inside the cell's plasma membrane |
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| supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm |
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| simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins |
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| the site of ribosomee production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
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| highly folded membrane system in eukaryoic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis |
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| flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell |
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| membrane-bound vesicles for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes |
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| Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances |
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| organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules |
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| membrane bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell |
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| double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis |
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| in plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell |
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| short, hairlike projection that functions in cell movement |
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| long, hairlike projection with a whiplike motion that helps a cell move through a watery environment |
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| DNA containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another |
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| relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell |
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| net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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| Condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials |
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| Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins |
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| diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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| a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water |
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| a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis |
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| a solution that has a higher concentration of solute ouside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis |
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| energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient |
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| energy-requiring process by which large substances from the ouside environment can enter a cell |
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| energy-requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes substances at the plasma membrane |
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