Term
| How does an autotroph differ from a heterotroph? |
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Definition
| Autotrophs make their own food and heterotrophs don't |
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Term
| Describe how organisms release the energy in food. |
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Definition
| Organisms release food through cellular respiration. The released energy enables cells to produce the energy- storing molecule andenosin triphosphate. (ATP) |
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Term
| What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy? |
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Definition
| Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and potential energy is energy that is stored due to object position or arrangement |
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Term
| How do cells release chemical energy for food? |
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Definition
| Oxygen breaks the organic molecules into smaller molecules releasing energy. |
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Term
| How is energy released from ATP? |
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Definition
| Energy from ATP is released when a phosphate bond is broken. |
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Term
| What are the three main types of cellular work? |
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Definition
| chemical, mechanical, and transport |
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Term
| how is breathing related to cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Breathing brings in oxygen into the body where it is used for cellular respiration and releases carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| What are the products of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP molecules can be made from each glucose molecule in cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Up to 38 molecules of ATP can be made from on glucose molecule. |
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Term
| How is ATP made during fermentation? |
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Definition
| Fermentation makes ATP entirely from glycolysis |
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Term
| electron transport chain: |
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Definition
| series of electron transfers that release energy |
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Term
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Definition
| organism that produces food for itseld and other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| term that describes an environment without oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| potential energy due to the arrangement of atoms in molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| process that uses oxygen to release energy in glucose and produce ATP |
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Term
| Second stage of cellular respiration where carbon dioxide and ATP are produced: |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of energy required to rause the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius is a(n)..... |
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Definition
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Term
| The process in which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars is called...... |
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Definition
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Term
| The molecule _________ uses energy to convert ADP to ATP |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage 1 of cellular respiration: |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage 2 of cellular respiration: |
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Definition
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Term
| Stage 3 of cellular respiration: |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following result from aerobic respiration except:
(A) oxygen
(B) Carbon Dioxide
(C) water
(D) ATP |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following represents a balanced aquarium?
(a) big fish and small fish
(b) fish and snails
(c) fish and green plants
(d) algae and elodea (two green aquatic plants) |
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Definition
| (C) Fish and green plants |
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Term
During the process of respiration, chemical energy in food is stored in molecules of:
(a) H20
(b) CO2
(c) ADP
(d) ATP |
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Definition
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Term
The organelle in cells which controls the process of respiration is called
(a) nucleus
(b) mitochondria
(c) cell membrane
(d) chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
Essentially, the process of respiration is the opposite of:
(a) reproduction
(b) photosynthesis
(c) breathing
(d) growth and development |
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Definition
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Term
Which substance is not needed during the process of respiration?
(a) chloroplasts (b) enzymes (c) mitochondria (d) oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that anaerobic respiration does
not need:
(a) food molecules (b) enzymes (c) oxygen (d) glucose |
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Definition
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Term
The amount of calories needed by an organism is dependent upon its:
(a) height (b) size (c) activity
(d) all responses are correct |
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Definition
| (d) all responses are correct. (height, size, activity |
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Term
The major purpose of the process of respiration is:
(a) synthesis (b) energy storage and use
(c) to break down excess proteins (d) to develop new cell organelle |
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Definition
| (b) energy storage and use |
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Term
. The unit of measure used to describe the amount of potential energy in food is
called a(n):
(a) ATP molecule (b) calorie (c) pound (d) metric unit |
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Definition
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Term
| 1. Compare the process of respiration with the process of photosynthesis. |
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Definition
Essentially, respiration and photosynthesis are opposites. Respiration produces water
and carbon dioxide from food and oxygen. Photosynthesis produces food and releases
oxygen as a by-product |
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Term
2. Why do most complex organisms undergo aerobic respiration rather than anaerobic
respiration? |
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Definition
More energy is released, allowing complex organisms to sustain themselves. Anaerobic
respiration does not release enough energy for complex organisms |
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Term
| . Distinguish between anaerobic and aerobic respiration. |
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Definition
Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, aerobic in the presence of
oxygen. Aerobic respiration releases more energy than anaerobic respiration and occurs in the mitochondria |
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Term
| 4. What function is served by the mitochondria? |
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Definition
| The mitochondria is the organelle which releases energy for use by the cel |
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Term
5. Explain the relationship between the energy needs of a cell and the number of
mitochondria it contains |
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Definition
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Term
1. Heterotrophs are also called
a. producers.
b. autotrophs.
c. consumers.
d. "self-feeders." |
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Definition
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Term
2. What are the waste products of cellular respiration?
a. carbon dioxide and water
b. ATP and ADP
c. carbon dioxide and oxygen
d. energy and glucose |
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Definition
| a. carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
3. What metabolic stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation?
a. electron transport
b. glycolysis
c. Krebs cycle
d. ATP synthase action |
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Definition
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Term
4. What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly by glycolysis?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 34
d. 38 |
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Definition
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Term
5. Electron transport occurs in the
a. cytosplasm.
b. matrix of the mitochondria.
c. outer membrane of the mitochondria.
d. inner membrane of the mitochondria. |
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Definition
| d. inner membrane of the mitochondria. |
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Term
6. Which molecule accepts electrons from the final carrier in the electron transport chain?
a. NAD
b. pyruvic acid
c. oxygen
d. carbon |
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Definition
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Term
7. Which of the following molecules is not involved in fermentation?
a. glucose
b. pyruvic acid
c. NADH
d. oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. Explain why it can be said that most of life on Earth is solar-powered. |
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Definition
Most life on Earth these days is dependent on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight, and stores it as chemical bond energy in chemicals such as simple sugars.
Animals eat plants or algae to obtain this chemical energy from them -- dependent on the plants which are dependent on sunlight. |
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Term
| 8. Explain why it can be said that most of life on Earth is solar-powered. |
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Definition
Most life on Earth these days is dependent on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight, and stores it as chemical bond energy in chemicals such as simple sugars.
Animals eat plants or algae to obtain this chemical energy from them -- dependent on the plants which are dependent on sunlight. |
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