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Biology Chapter 7
Vocabulary Words
40
Biology
10th Grade
03/15/2009

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Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
Surrounding the nucleus, dotted with nuclear pores
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Site of cell membrane lipid assembly
Term
Centriole
Definition
Structure found in animal cells used in cell division
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Network of filaments that help cells maintain its shape
Term
Nucleus
Definition
Large membrane-enclosed structure that contains cell's genetic material
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Converts chemical energy stored in food into usable compounds
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Cells that contain nuclei
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Cells that do not contain nuclei
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
States all living things are composed of cells which are the basic units of structure and come from existing cells
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Material made up of DNA bound to protein
Term
Vacuole
Definition
Provides storage for water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
Dense region within a nucleus where assembly of ribosomes begin
Term
Ribosome
Definition
Small particle of RNA and proteins
Term
Organelle
Definition
Specialized structures in cells
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Structures containing genetic information
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Small organelles filled with enzymes used for digestion and breakdown
Term
Cell
Definition
Basic unit of life
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
Endocytosis of liquid
Term
Isotonic
Definition
When concentrations of each side of a membrane are the same
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Thin, flexible boundary surround cell
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Movement of molecules across cell membranes against concentration difference; requires energy
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
When concentration is higher than on the other side of membrane; 'above strength'
Term
Tissue
Definition
Group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Term
Concentration
Definition
Mass of solute in a given volume of solution
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Process of forcing contents out of cell by vacuoles
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
When concentration is lower than on the other side of membrane; 'below strength'
Term
Organ System
Definition
Group of organs working together to perform a specific function
Term
Organ
Definition
Group of tissues working together
Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition
Movement of molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
Term
Cell Specialization
Definition
Development of cells in an organism to perform different tasks
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
Process of taking material into cell by infoldings
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
Strong supporting layer around cell membrane
Term
Lipid Bilayer
Definition
Gives membranes a flexible structure forming a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
Endocytosis of large molecules
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
When concentration of solute is uniform throughout a system
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