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BIOLOGY - Chapter 1 - Intro to Human Anat & Phys
Key Terms - Hole's Human Anat & Phys - 10th ed
126
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/06/2009

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Term
anatomy
Definition
branch of science dealing with the form and structure of body parts
Term
physiology
Definition
the study of body function
Term
atoms
Definition
smallest particles of an element that have the properties of that element
Term
molecule
Definition
a particle composed of two or more atoms
Term
macromolecule
Definition
large molecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids
Term
cell
Definition
the structural and functional unit of life
Term
organelle
Definition
a structure in a cell that has a specialized function
Term
tissue
Definition
groups of similar cells that perform a specialized function
Term
organ
Definition
a structure consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function
Term
organ system
Definition
a group of organs coordinated to carry on a specialized function
Term
organism
Definition
an individual living thing
Term
metabolism
Definition
all of the chemical reactions in cells that break down or build up a substance
Term
internal environment
Definition
the fluid surrounding body cells
Term
homeostasis
Definition
a state of balance in which the body's internal environment remains in the normal range
Term
receptors
Definition
specialized cells that provide information about the environment
Term
set point
Definition
a component of a homeostatic mechanism that establishes the range that is optimal for a particular measurement
Term
effectors
Definition
muscles or glands that effect changes in the body
Term
negative feedback
Definition
a mechanism activated by an imbalance that corrects the imbalance
Term
axial
Definition
pertaining to the head, neck and trunk
Term
appendicular
Definition
pertaining to upper or lower limbs
Term
viscera
Definition
organs in body cavities, especially in the abdomen
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
the space above the diaphragm in the chest
Term
abdomino-pelvic cavity
Definition
the space between the diaphragm and the lower portion of the trunk of the body
Term
diaphragm
Definition
a sheetlike structure largely composed of skeletal muscle and connective tissue that separated the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Term
mediastinum
Definition
tissues and organs of the thoracic cavity that form a septum between the lungs
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
the space between the hipbones that encloses the terminal portion of the large intestine, the urinary bladder and the reproductive organs
Term
parietal
Definition
pertaining to the wall of a cavity
Term
visceral
Definition
membrane that covers and organ
Term
pleural membranes
Definition
serous membranes that enclose the lungs and line the chest wall
Term
pericardial membranes
Definition
serous membranes that enclose the heart and line the chest wall
Term
peritoneal membranes
Definition
serous membranes that line the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
anatomical position
Definition
the body is standing erect, face forward with the upper limbs at the sides and the palms forward
Term
superior
Definition
structure above another structure
Term
inferior
Definition
structure below another structure
Term
anterior
Definition
pertaining to the front
Term
posterior
Definition
pertaining to the back
Term
medial
Definition
toward or near the midline
Term
lateral
Definition
pertaining to the side
Term
bilateral
Definition
refers to paired structure, one on each side
Term
ipsilateral
Definition
refers to structures on the same side
Term
contralateral
Definition
refers to structures on the opposite side
Term
proximal
Definition
a body part that is closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part
Term
distal
Definition
a particular body part is farther from a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part
Term
superficial
Definition
situated near the surface
Term
deep
Definition
parts that are more internal than superficial parts
Term
sagittal
Definition
refers to a lengthwise plane that divides the body into right and left portions
Term
transverse
Definition
refers to a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Term
coronal
Definition
refers to a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Term
epigastric region
Definition
the upper middle portion of the abdomen
Term
hypochondriac region
Definition
the portion of the abdomen on either side of the upper middle or epigastric region
Term
lumbar region
Definition
lie on either side of the umbilical region
Term
umbilical region
Definition
the middle portion of the abdomen
Term
iliac region
Definition
part of the abdomen on either side of the lower middle or hypogastric region
Term
hypogastric region
Definition
the lower middle portion of the abdomen
Term
abdominal
Definition
region between the thorax and pelvis
Term
acromial
Definition
the point of the shoulder
Term
antebrachial
Definition
the forearm
Term
antecubital
Definition
the space in front of the elbow
Term
axillary
Definition
armpit
Term
brachial
Definition
the arm
Term
buccal
Definition
the cheek
Term
carpal
Definition
the wrist
Term
celiac
Definition
the abdomen
Term
cephalic
Definition
the head
Term
cervical
Definition
the neck
Term
costal
Definition
the ribs
Term
coxal
Definition
the hips
Term
crural
Definition
the legs
Term
cubital
Definition
the elbow
Term
digital
Definition
the fingers or toes
Term
dorsal
Definition
the back
Term
femoral
Definition
the thigh
Term
frontal
Definition
the forehead
Term
genital
Definition
the reproductive organs
Term
gluteal
Definition
the buttocks
Term
inguinal
Definition
the groin
Term
lumbar
Definition
the region of the lower back
Term
mammary
Definition
the breasts
Term
mental
Definition
the chin
Term
nasal
Definition
the nose
Term
occipital
Definition
the lower posterior section of the head
Term
oral
Definition
the mouth
Term
orbital
Definition
the eye sockets
Term
otic
Definition
the ear
Term
palmar
Definition
the palm of the hand
Term
patellar
Definition
the front of the knee
Term
pectoral
Definition
the chest
Term
pedal
Definition
the foot
Term
pelvic
Definition
the pelvis
Term
perineal
Definition
the region between the anus and the external reproductive organs
Term
plantar
Definition
the sole of the foot
Term
popliteal
Definition
the area behind the knee
Term
sacral
Definition
the posterior region between the hipbones
Term
sternal
Definition
the middle of thorax, anteriorly
Term
sural
Definition
the calf of the leg
Term
tarsal
Definition
the instep of the foot
Term
umbilical
Definition
the navel
Term
vertebral
Definition
the spinal column
Term
cardiology
Definition
branch of medical science dealing with the heart and heart disease
Term
cytology
Definition
study of the structure, function and abnormalities of cells
Term
dermatology
Definition
study of the skin and its diseases
Term
endocrinology
Definition
study of hormones, hormone-secreting glands and their diseases
Term
epidemiology
Definition
study of the factors determining the distribution and frequency of health-related conditions in a defined human population
Term
gastroenterology
Definition
study of the stomach and intestines and their diseases
Term
geriatrics
Definition
branch of medicine dealing with older individuals and their medical problems
Term
gerontology
Definition
study of the aging process
Term
gynecology
Definition
study of the female reproductive system and its diseases
Term
hematology
Definition
study of blood and blood diseases
Term
histology
Definition
study of the structure and function of tissues
Term
immunology
Definition
study of the body's resistance to infectious diseases
Term
neonatology
Definition
study of newborns and the treatment of their diseases
Term
nephrology
Definition
study of the structure, function and diseases of the kidneys
Term
neurology
Definition
study of the nervous system and its disorders
Term
obstetrics
Definition
branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth
Term
oncology
Definition
study of cancers
Term
opthalmology
Definition
study of the eyes and eye diseases
Term
orthopedics
Definition
Branch of medicine dealing with the muscular and skeletal systems and their problems
Term
otolaryngology
Definition
study of the ear, throat and larynx and their diseases
Term
pathology
Definition
study of structural and functional changes that disease causes
Term
pediatrics
Definition
branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases
Term
pharmacology
Definition
study of drugs and their uses in treatment of disease
Term
podiatry
Definition
study of the care and treatment of the feet
Term
psychiatry
Definition
branch of medicine dealing with the mind and its disorders
Term
radiology
Definition
study of X-ray and radioactive substances
Term
toxicology
Definition
study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
Term
urology
Definition
branch of medicine dealing with the urinary system, apart from the kidneys and the male reproductive system, and their diseases
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