Term
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Definition
| the acquisition of traits by their transmission from parent to offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| an early hypothesis of inheritance that stated that the genetic material that dictates herditary traits blends together from generation to generation, and the blended traits are then passed to the next generation |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that the determinants of herditary traits are transmitted intact from one generation to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which two individuals with different characteristics are mated or crossed to each other; the offspring are referred to as hybrids |
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Term
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Definition
| a characteristic of an organism, such as the appearance of seeds, pods, flowers, or stems |
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Term
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Definition
| an identifiable characteristic; usually refers to a variant |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilization that involves the union of a female gamete and male gamete from the same individual |
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Term
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Definition
| a strain that continues to exhibit the same trait after several generations of self-fertilization of inbreeding |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilization that involves the union of a female gamete and a male gamete from different individuals |
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Term
| monohybrid cross (single-factor cross) |
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Definition
| a cross in which the inhertiance of only one trait is followed |
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Term
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Definition
| the parental generation in a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| the first filial generation in a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| the F1 offspring, also called single-trait hybrids, of true-breeding parents that differ with regard to a single trait |
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Term
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Definition
| the second filial generation in a genetic cross |
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Term
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Definition
| a term that describes that displayed trait in a heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| a term that describes a trait that is masked by the presence of a dominant trait in a heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of herdity that contributes to the characteristics of traits of an organism. At the molecular level, a gene is composed of organized sequences of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to separate, as in chromosomes during mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| states that two copies of a gene segregate from each other during gamete formation and during transmission from parent to offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| the genetic composition of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual with two identical copies of an allele |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual with two different alleles of the same gene |
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Term
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Definition
| the characteristics of an organism that are the result of the expression of its genes |
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Term
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Definition
| a common method for predicting the outcome of simple genetic crosses |
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Term
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Definition
| a cross to determine if an individual with a dominant phenotype is a homozygote or a heterozygote. Also, a cross to determine if two different genes are linked |
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Term
| dihybrid cross / two-factor cross |
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Definition
| a cross in which the inheritance of two different traits is followed |
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Term
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Definition
| an offspring that is a hybrid with respect to two traits |
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Term
| law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| states that the alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation |
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Term
| chromosome theory of inheritance |
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Definition
| an explanation of how the steps of meiosis account for the inheritance patterns observed by Mendel |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical location of a gene on a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| an examination of the inhertiance of human traits in families |
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Term
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Definition
| all of the chromosomes found in the cell nucleus of eukaryotes except for the sex chromosomes |
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