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| a process whereby a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two new cells that are genetically identical to the original cell |
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| a reproductive strategy that occurs when offspring are produced from a single parent, without the fusion of gametes from two parents. the offspring are therefore clones of the parent. |
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| the region where the two sister chromatids are tightly associated; the ________ is an attachment site for kinetochore proteins |
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| a group of proteins that bind to a centromere and are necessary for sorting each chromosome |
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| the structure responsible for organizing and sorting the chromosomes during mitosis |
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| a single structure often near the ell nucleus of eukaryotic cells that orms a nuleating site for the growth of microtubules; also called the microtubule organizing center |
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| a structure of the spindle appartatus defined by each centrosome |
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| a pair of structures within the centrosome of animal cells. most plant cells and many protists lack centrioles. |
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| the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle. It is the portion of the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are decondensed and found in the nucleus. |
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| the phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane begins to vesiculate |
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| the phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle is completely formed |
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| a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle apparatus on which the sister chromatids align during the metaphase stage of mitosis |
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| the phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes are alligned along the metaphase plate |
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| the phase of mitosis during which the sister chromatids separate from each other and move to opposite poles; the poles themselves also move farther apart |
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| the phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes decondense and the nuclear membrane reforms |
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| in animal cells, an area that constricts like a drawstring to separate the cells during cytokinesis |
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| in plant cells, a structure that forms a cell wall between the two daughter cells during cytokinesis |
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| the division of the cytoplasm to produce two distinct daughter cells |
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| a process that requires a fertilization event in which two gametes unite to produce a cell called a zygote |
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| the union of two gametes, such as an egg cell with a sperm cell, to form a zygote |
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| the process by which haploid cells are produced from a cell that was orginially diploid |
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| homologous pairs of sister chromatids associated with each other, lying side by side |
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| the process of forming a bivalent |
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| the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; allows for increased variation in the genetic information that each parent may pass to the offspring |
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| the connection at a crossover site of two chromosomes |
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| the first division of meiosis in which the homologues are separated into different cells. |
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| the second division of meiosis in which sister chromatids are separated into different cells |
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| the sequence of events that characterize the steps of development of the individuals of a given species |
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| species in which the diploid organism is the prevalent organism in the life cycle. animals are an example. |
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| species in which the haploid organism is the prevalent organism in the life cycle. examples include fungi and some protists |
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| alternation of generations |
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| the phenomenon that occurs in plants and some protists in which the life cycle alternates between multicellular diploid organisms, called sporophytes, and multicellular haploid organisms, called gametophytes. |
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| the diploid generation of plants or multicellular protists that have a sporic life cycle; this generation produces haploid spores by the process of meiosis |
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| in plants and many multicellular protists, the haploid stage that produces gametes by mitosis |
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