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| a living thing that maintains an internal order that is separated from the environment |
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| the simplest unit of a living organism |
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| a theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the smallest units of living organisms, and new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division |
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| metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from food molecules and release waste products |
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| the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism. Also, a specific set of chemical reactions occuring at the cellular level. |
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| the process whereby light energy is captured by plant, algal, or bacterial cells and is used to synthesize organic molecules from CO2 and H2O |
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| the process whereby living organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain relatively stable internal conditions |
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| in biology, a series of changes in the state of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism; the underlying process that gives rise to the structure and function of living organisms |
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| to generate offspring by sexual or asexual means |
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| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
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| the genetic material that provides a blueprint for the organiztion, development, and function of living things |
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| a nit of heredity that contributes to the characteristics or traits of an organism. At the molecular level, a ______ is composed of organized sequences of DNA. |
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| one of two classes of nucleic acids; consits of a single strand of nucleotides. |
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| a linear sequence of amino acids; he term denotes structure |
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| a functional unit composed of one or more polypeptide. Each polypeptide is composed of a linear sequence of amino acids. |
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| the phenomenon that populations of organisms change from generation to generation |
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| the smallest functional unit of matter that forms all chemical substances and cano be further broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical or physical means |
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| two or more atoms that are connected by chemical bonds |
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| many molecular bonded together to form a polymer. carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) are important ________________ found in living organisms. |
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| the assocation of many cells of the same type, for example, muscle _____. |
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| two or more types of tissue combined to perform a common function |
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| a group of related organisms that share a distinctive form in nature and (for sexually reproducing species) are capable of interbreeding |
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| a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same environment and can interbreed with one another |
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| an assemblage of populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time |
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| the biotic community of organisms in an area as well as the abiotic environment affecting that community |
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| the regions on the surface of the Earth and in the atmosphere where living organisms exist |
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| a progression of changes in a series of ancestors |
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| a process in which species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations |
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| a heritable change in the genetic material of an organism |
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| the process that eliminates those individuals that are less likely to survive and reproduce in a particular environment, while allowing other individuals with traits that confer greater reproductive success to increase in numbers. |
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| a process in which an organism incoporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism |
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| the field of biology that is concerned with the theory, the practice, and rules of classifying living and extinct organisms and viruses |
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| one of three domains. usually unicellular prokaryotes that inhabit many diverse environments on Earth |
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| one of three Domains. unicellular prokaryotes that often live in extreme environments, such as hot springs |
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| one of three domains. Unicellular and multicellular organisms having cells with internal compartments that serve various functions |
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| refers to organisms having cells lacking a membrane-enclosd nucleus and cell comparmentalization; includes all members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. |
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| refers to organisms having cells with internal compartments that serve various functions; includes all members of the domain Eukarya |
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| the membrane-bound area of a eukaryotic cell in which the genetic material is found |
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| the standard method for naming species. Each species has a genus name and species epithet |
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| the complete genetic composition of a cell or a species |
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| techniques that are used in the molecular analysis of the entire genome of a species |
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| the complete complement of proteinsthat a cell or organism can make |
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| techniques used to identify and study groups of proteins |
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| a phenomenon in living organisms in which chemical reactions give off light rather than heat |
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| in biology, the observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena. |
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| a series of steps to test the validity of a hypothesis. THis approach often inolves a comparison between control and experimental groups |
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| the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environments |
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| the study of the morphology of organisms, such as plants and animals |
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| the study of the functions of cells and body parts of living organisms |
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| the study of individual cells and their interactions with each other |
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| a field of study spawned largely by genetic technology that looks at the structure and function of the molecules of life |
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| an approach that involves reducing complex systems to simpler components as a way to understand how the system works. in biology, reductionists study the parts of a cell or organism as individual units |
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| a field of study in which researches investigate living organisms in terms of their underlying networks--groups of structural and functional connections--rather than their individual molecular components |
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| in biology, a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon based on previous observations or experimental studies |
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| an expeced outcome based on a hypothesis that can be shown to be correct or incorrect through observation or experimentation. |
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| when a hypothesis can be shown to be incorrect by additional observations or experimentation |
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| in biology, a broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is substantiated by a large body of evidence. biological ____________ incorporate observations, hypothesis testing, and the laws of other disciplines such as chemistry and physics. a ______ makes valid predictions. |
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| the awareness and understanding of information |
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| the collection and anaylsis of data without the need for a preconcieved hypothesis |
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| also known as the scientific method, a strategy for testing the validity of a hypothesis |
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| the sample in an experiment that is treated just like an experimental group except that it is not subjected to one particular variable |
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| the sample in an experiment that is subjected to some type of variation that does not occur for the control group |
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| a procedure in which experts in a particular area evaluate papers submitted to scientific hournals |
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