Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three processes that occur in the kidney as part of its main function? |
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Definition
- filtration - the movement of solutes from blood to filtrate at Bowman's capsule. The direction and rate of filtration is determine Starling forces (differences in oncotic and hydrostatic pressure differentials)
- secretion - the movement of solutes from blood to filtrate anywhere other than Bowman's capsule
- reabsorption - the movement of solutes from filtrate to blood
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Term
| What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule? |
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Definition
- bulk reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, soluble vitamins, salt, and waterÂ
- secretion of hydrogen ions, potassium ions, ammonia, and urea
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Term
| What is the function of the descending limb of the loop of Henle? |
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Definition
| It is permeable to water but not salt; therefore, as the filtrate moves into the more osmotically concentrated renal medulla, water is reabsorbed from the filtrate. The vasa recta and nephron flow in opposite directions, creating a countercurrent multiplier system that allows maximal reabsorption of water |
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Term
| What is the function of the ascending loop of Henle? |
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Definition
| It is permeable to salt but not water; therefor, salt is reabsorbed both passively and actively. The diluting segment is in the out medulla and actively transports salt from the filtrate back into the vasa recta making the filtrate hypotonic compared to blood at this site |
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Term
| What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule? |
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Definition
| is responsive to aldosterone (promotes salt reabsorption) and is a site for waste product excretion, like the PCT |
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Term
| What is the function of the collecting duct? |
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Definition
| responsive to both aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone and has variable permeability, which allows reabsorption of the right amount of water depending on the body's needs |
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Term
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Definition
| steroid hormone regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, thereby increasing water reabsorption. This results in an increased blood volume (and pressure), but no change in blood osmolarity |
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Term
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Definition
| a peptide hormone synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Its release is stimulated not only by low blood volume but also by high blood osmolarity. It increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, increasing water reabsorption. This results in an increased blood volume (and pressure) and a decreased blood osmolarity |
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Term
| The kidneys also help maintain blood pH by selectively excreting or reabsorbing hydrogen and bicarbonate ions |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three layers of the skin from deepest to most superficial? |
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Definition
- hypodermis
- dermis
- epidermis
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Term
| What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep? |
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Definition
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
Come Lets Get Sun Burned |
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Term
| What types of cells are found in the epidermis? |
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Definition
- Langerhans cells - macrophages
- keratinocytes - produce keratin
- melanocytes - produce melanin, a skin pigment
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Term
| What are the layers of the dermis and what can be found in each layer? |
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Definition
- papillary layer - most superficial, consists of loose connective tissue
- reticular layerÂ
- sweat glands, blood vessels, and hair follicles are found in dermis
- merkel cells (discs) sensory receptors present at dermal-epidermal junction; responsible for deep pressure
- meissner's corpuscles - respond to light touch
- Ruffini endings - respond to stretch
- Pacinian corpuscles - respond to deep pressure and vibration
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Term
| What is the function of the hypodermis? |
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Definition
| connects the skin to the rest of the body |
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