Term
|
Definition
| The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms; use energy from sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organism that obtains organic food mollecules by eating other organisms or their by-products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants. Chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ground tissue of a leaf, sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermis and specialized for photsynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and that convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, evolving oxygen in the process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of a protonmotive force generated by the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the light reactions of photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The incorporation of carbon from CO2 into an organic commpound by an autotrophic organism (a plant, another photosynthetic organism, or a chemoautotropgic prokaryote) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nonometer to more than a kilometer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum detected as various colors by the human eye, rangin in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A quantum, or discrete amount, of light energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wsavelegnths of light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A graph that depicts the relaxtive effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a particular process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of blue-green photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of yellow-green accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants; By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of a reaction center surrounded by a # of light-harvesting complexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex of proteins associated with pigment mlecules (including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) that captures light energy and transfers it to reaction-center pigments in a photsystem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex of proteins associated with two special chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor. Located centrally in a photosystem, this complex triggers the light reactions of photosynthesis. Excited by light energy, one of the chlorophylls donates an electron to the primary electron acceptor, which passes an electron to an electron transport chain |
|
|
Term
| Primary Electron Acceptor |
|
Definition
| A specialized molecule sharing the reaction center with the pair of reaction-center chlorophyll a molecules; it accepts an electron from one of these two chlorophylls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it has two molecules of P700 chlorophull a at its reaction center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems and prdouces ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. The neet electron flow is from water to NADP+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) |
|
Definition
| The carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The incorporation of carbon from CO2 into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism (a plant, another photosynthetic organism, or a chemoautotrophic prokaryote) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four-carbon compound, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin Cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, generates no ATP, and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata close and the oxtgen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of CO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle for the inital stesp that incorporate CO@ into organic material, forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of photosynthetic cell arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A loosely arranged phtosynthetic cell located between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enzyme that adds CO2 to phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism, and adaption for photsynthesis in arid conditions, first discovered in the family Crassulaceae; CO2 entering open stomata during the night is converted into organic acids, which release CO2 for the Calvin cycle during the day, when stomata are closed |
|
|
