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| The transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
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| Differences between members of the same species |
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| The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation |
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| A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) |
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| A haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote |
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| A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located |
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| A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts |
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| A group of genetically identical individuals |
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| A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents |
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| The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism |
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| Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell |
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| A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape |
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| Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci; 1 homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother |
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| One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual |
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| A chromosome that is not diretly involed in determing sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome |
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| A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent |
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| A cell containing only one set of chromosomes |
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| The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote |
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| The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg |
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| Alternation of Generations |
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| A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristics of plants and some algae |
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| In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation |
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| In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides mitotically, generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell |
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| In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that mitotically |
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| During prophase I, duplicated homologous chromsomes line up and become physically connected along their lengths by a zipper like protein structure |
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| The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis |
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| The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis |
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| A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of 2 sister chromatids; form during prophase I of meiosis |
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| The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis |
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| Tetrads on the Metaphase Plate |
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Definition
| At metaphase I of meiosis, paired homologous chromosomes are positioned on te metaphase plate, rather than individual replicated chromosomes |
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Definition
| At anaphase I of meiosis, the duplicated chromosomes of each homolgous pair move toward opposite poles, but the sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome remain attached |
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| A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome |
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