Term
| Vertebrate (subphyla of the phylum Chordata) |
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Definition
| A chordate animal with a backbone: the mammals, reptiles(includes birds), amphibians, sharks and rays, ray-finned fishes, and lobe-fins. |
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Term
| Chordates (Phylum Chordata) |
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Definition
| bilaterian animals, and within Bilateria, they belong to the clade of animals known as Deuterostomia. |
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Term
| What are the four keu characteristics of Chordates? |
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Definition
| a notochord; a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits or cleft; and a muscular, post-anal tail. |
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Definition
| A longitudinal, flexible rod that runs along the dorsal axis of an animal's body in the future position of the vertebral column. (located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord) Provides skeletal support. |
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Definition
| unique to chordates. Develops into the central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord. (hollow) |
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Definition
| In chordate embryos, grooves that separate a series of pouches along the sides of the pharynx and may develop into pharyngeal slits. |
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| [allow water entering the mouth to exit the body without passing through the entire digestive tract.]In chordate embryos, slits that form from the pharyngeal clefts and communicate to the outside, later developing into gill slits in many vertebrates. |
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Definition
| TUNICATES; most resemble other chordates during larval stage. THe larva uses its tail muscles and notochord to swim through water in search of a suitable substrate on which it can settle, guided by cues it receives from light- and gravity-sensitive cells. |
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Definition
| muscle segments taht develop from blocks of mesoderm. |
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Definition
| Tunicated display a number of chordate characters only as larvae, whereas lancelets retain those characters as adults. |
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Definition
| Chordates with a head. Origin of a head consists of a brain at the anterior end of the dorsal nerve cord, eyes and other sensory organs, and a skull=active predation. [they have 2 clusters of HOX genes, lancelets and tunicates only have 1) |
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Term
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Definition
| unique to craniates; a collection of cells that appears near the dorsal margins of the closing neural tube in an embryo. Neural crest cells disperse throughout the body, where they give rise to a variety of structures, including teeth, some of the bones and cartilage of the skull, the inner layer of skin of the facial region, several types of neurons, and the sensory capsules in which eyes and other sense organs develop. |
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Term
| Characteristics of craniates |
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Definition
| More active than tunicates and lancelets; have higher metabolism an a much more extensive muscular system. Muscles lining their digestive tract aid digestion by moving food through the tract. Also have a heart with a heart at least 2 chambers, red blood cells, and hemoglobin, and also kidneys that remove wastes from blood. |
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Definition
| HAGFISHES; have a skull made of cartilage, but lack jaws and vertebrae. Use their segmental muscles to exert force against their notocord to swim. Have a small brain, eyes, ears, and a nasal opening that connects with pharynx. Also ahve toothlike formations in mouth. |
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Term
| Lampreys (Class Cephalaspidomorph) |
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Definition
| oldest living lineage of vertebrates. Most are parasites that feed by clamping their round, jaw-less mouth onto the flank of a live fish. Use rasping tongue to penetrate the skin of the fish and ingest the fish's blood. |
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Definition
| slender, soft-bodied vertebrates with prominent eyes controlled by numerous muscles. Unlike lampreys, they have mineralized mouthparts. |
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Term
| Gnathostomes ("jaw mouth") |
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Definition
| jawed vertebrates; jaws are hinged structures that, especially with the help of teeth, enable them to grip food items firmly and slice them up. |
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Definition
| a row of microscopic organs sensitive to vibrations in the surrounding water. |
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| a member of an extinct class of fishlike vertebrates that had jaws and were enclosed in a tough, outer armor. |
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| group of jawed vertebrates that radiated during the Devonian period. |
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| (sharks, rays, and their relatives) "cartilage fish" these have a skeleton that is composed mainly of cartilage, often impregnated with calcium. |
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Definition
| a corkscrew-shaped ridge that increases surface area and prolongs the passage of food through the digestive tract. |
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Definition
| species of shark taht lay eggs that hatch outside the mother's body. These sharks release their eggs after encasing them in protective coats. |
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Definition
| they retain the fertilized eggs int eh oviduct. Nourished by the egg yolk, the embryos develop into young that are born AFTER hatching within the uterus. |
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Definition
| the yound develop within the uterus and obtain nourishment prior to birth by reveiving nutrients from the mother's blood throught a yolk sac placenta. |
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| common chamber that has a single opening to the outside |
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Definition
| "bonyn fish" - All living osteichthyans have an ossified (bony) endoskeleton with a hard matrix of calcium phosphate. We informally call them FISHES. |
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Definition
| Osteichthyans breathe by drawing water over 4 or 5 pairs of gills located in chambers covered by this protective bony flap. |
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| Most aquatic osteichthyans use this air sac to control their buoyancy. Movement of gaes from the blood to the swim bladder increases buoyancy, making the animal rise; a transfer back to the blood causes it to sink. |
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Term
| Class Actinopterygii [Ray-finned fishes] |
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Definition
| (wing or fin) The fins, supported mainly by long, flexible rays, are modified for maneuvering, defense and other functions. |
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Term
| Lobe-fins (sarcopterygii) |
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Definition
| key derived character: presence of rod-shaped bones surrounded by a thick layer of muscle in their pectoral and pelvic fins. |
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