Term
| Antibiotics: Cell wall targets |
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Definition
B-Lactam: inhibit peptidoglycan crosslinks, penicillin, cephlosporins
Bacitracin: prevents peptidoglycan from being transported across membrane, only used topically |
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Term
| Antibiotics: Cell membrane targets |
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Definition
| Gramicidin: forms cation channel, can't be ingested |
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Term
| Antibiotics: DNA replication targets |
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Definition
| Sulfa: prevent formation of nucleic acids, inhibit folic acid synthesis |
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Term
| Antibiotics: trasncription targets |
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Definition
| Rifamycin B: blocks initiation of transcription, binds to RNA polymerase |
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Term
| Antibiotics: Translation targets |
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Definition
Streptomycin: binds to 30s, prevents 50s from binding
Tetracycline: binds to 30s, prevents binding of tRNA to A site
Erythromycin: binds to 50s, pulls tRNA out of P site and stops amino acids from connecting
Chloramphenicol: binds to peptidyltransferase site of 50s, inhibits peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mutate target
2. Pump antibiotic out
3. Degrade antibiotic
4. Inactivate it |
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Term
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Plasmids |
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Definition
Prokaryotes: circular chromosome, smaller, little noncoding DNA, operons
Eukaryotes: Linear chromosome, bigger, more noncoding DNA, exons and introns |
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Term
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Definition
Lac Z: B galactosidase, cleaves lactose
Lac Y: lactose permease, transports lactose across membrane
Lac A: thiogalactoside transacetylase |
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Term
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Definition
1. Radiation
2. Chemicals
3. Reactive Oxygen species
4. DNA replication errors |
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Term
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Definition
Silent: changes genotype not phenotype
Missense: Change in amino acid
Nonsense: change to stop codon
Inversion: rotation of sequence
Insertion: addition of new bases |
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Term
| Gene Inversion definitions: |
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Definition
Phase Variation: alteration of proteins that make surface structure
Immune Avoidance: use of phase variation to avoid antibodies
1. promoter drives expression
2. Recombination
3. Promoter inverted to wrong orientation, doesn't drive expression
4. flagellin transferred |
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Term
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Definition
Southern blot: DNA
Northern blot: RNA
Western blot: protein
DNA microarray: RNA |
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