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31.31. Which of the following scientists does not believe that the mind can influence the body?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Walter B. Cannon
C) Hans Selye
D) Robert Sapolsky
E) none of the above; they all believe that the mind can influence the body |
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Definition
| none of the above, they all believe that the mind can influence the body |
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31.30. Who wrote, “Do not go gently in to that good night?
A) Bob Dylan
B) Dylan Thomas
C) Rodney Dangerfield
D) Ivan Pavlov
E) Walter B. Cannon |
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31.29. In Chronic myelogenous leukemia it is the _____of the gene, not the __________of the gene that determines whether or not a person gets cancer.
A) copy number, fact that this gene lacks purines (A, G)
B) copy number, fact that this gene lack pyrimidines (C, T)
C) sequence, position
D) sequence, expression
E) position, sequence |
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31.28. In 1809, ithe backwoods of Kentucky, Ephraim McDowell performed the first successful surgery to remove ______________ from Jane Crawford.
A) a kidney
B) a lung
C) gall bladder
D) a cancerous tumor
E) a bullet |
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31.27. Colon cancer can result from a mutation in a ______________.
A) gene that regulates the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine
B) RNA polymerase gene
C) in a monoamine oxidase gene
D) mitochondrial dehydrogenase gene
E) tumor suppression gene |
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31.27. Colon cancer can result from a mutation in a ______________.
A) gene that regulates the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine
B) RNA polymerase gene
C) in a monoamine oxidase gene
D) mitochondrial dehydrogenase gene
E) proto-oncogene |
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31.26. Who said, “It is the height of hypocrisy for the United States, in our war against drugs, to demand that foreign nations take steps to stop the export of cocaine to our country while at the same time we export nicotine, a drug just as addictive as cocaine, to the rest of the world?”
A) William Beaumont
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Edward Jenner
D) C. Everett Koop
E) Alexis Carrel |
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31.25. According to the advertisement, more physians smoke _________.
A) Camels
B) Lucky Strike
C) Chesterfield
D) Kent
E) marijuana |
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Definition
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31.24. According to the advertisement, more educators and scientists smoke _________with the Micronite (.i.e. asbestos) filter.
A) Camels
B) Lucky Strike
C) Chesterfield
D) Kent
E) marijuana |
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Definition
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31.23. Since the discovery and use of antibiotics, people in developed countries typically do not die from infectious diseases. Instead, they die from _____________ diseases.
A) homicides
B) suicides
C) car accidents
D) motorcycle accidents
E) stress-related diseases |
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Definition
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31.22. In 1918, more people died from ____________than from fighting in World War I.
A) laughing
B) heart attacks
C) AIDS
D) the flu
E) cancer |
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31.21. Where in the brain could the scar tissue be localized that results in a partial epileptic seizure?
A) the visual cortex
B) the auditory region
C) the olfactory region
D) the limbic system
E) all of the above |
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31.20. A very active form of a penicillin producing fungus was found by Mary Hunt on a _____________.
A) blueberry
B) strawberry
C) head of lettuce
D) peach
E) cantaloupe |
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31.19. Pasteur showed that bacteria were __________childbed fever but he did not show that they _____________ it.
A) stained blue in people with, arose spontaneously in people with
B) stained green in people with, stained red in people with
C) absent in cases of, present in caretakers associated with people that had
D) the causal agent of, correlated
E) correlated with, caused |
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Definition
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31.18. According to Allen Ginsberg’s poem, “_____________”
A) Don’t smoke
B) Don’t smoke
C) Don’t smoke
D) Don’t smoke
E) Don’t smoke |
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Definition
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31.17. Oliver Wendell Holmes could not convince doctors to wash their hands before delivering babies because ________________.
A) “Doctors are gentlemen, and gentlemen's hands are clean."
B) indoor plumbing had not yet been invented
C) wash basins often tipped over and got the physican’s clothes all wet.
D) the water was too hot
E)the water was too cold |
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Definition
| "Doctors are gentlemen, and gentlemen's hands are clean" |
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31.16. Thanks to the discovery of _____________ Alexis Carrel could perform heart transplants, but real success depended on the introduction of ______________.
A) adrenaline, antiseptics
B) adrenaline, cortisol
C) immunosuppressants, caffeine
D) antiseptics, immunosuppressants
E) acetylcholine, adrenaline |
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Definition
| antiseptics, immunosuppresants |
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31.15. Which of the following is not one of Koch’s postulates?
A) The bacteria must be present in every case where you find the disease.
B) The bacteria must be isolated from the host and grown in pure culture.
C) The bacterial gene must be sequenced.
D) The specific disease must be induced into a healthy host when a pure culture of the bacterium is inoculated into it.
E) The bacteria must be recovered from the experimentally infected host. |
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Definition
| The bacterial gene must be sequenced |
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31.14. Epilepsy may be caused by:
A) a heady injury
B) stroke
C) brain tumor
D) chemical imbalance
E) all of the above |
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31.13. A mutation in a tumor suppression gene may result in___________.
A) epilepsy
B) an intersexual
C) cancer
D) inhibition of cell division
E) blindness |
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31.12 ___________are normal genes that regulate cell division until they become mutated.
A) Oncogenes
B) Proto-oncogenes
C) MAO genes
D) Cystic fibrosis genes
E) none of the above |
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31.11. Which is the technique of choice to view the bones of a person?
A) MRI
B) PET
C) CAT
D) ultrasound
E) colonoscopy |
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Definition
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31.10. Which is the technique of choice to view a fetus in the womb?
A) MRI
B) PET
C) CAT
D) ultrasound
E) colonoscopy |
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Definition
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31.9. Which of the following diagnostic tools utilize the interaction of matter and antimatter to make an image?
A) MRI
B) PET
C) CAT
D) ultrasound
E) colonoscopy |
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31.8. Which of the following responses is activated by cortisol?
A) breakdown of muscle and nerve tissue for energy
B) conversion of glucose to glycogen
C) increase in the heart rate
D) enhancement of the retention of salt and water by the kidneys
E) enhancement of the inflammation and immune reactions making it easier to fight infection. |
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Definition
| breakdown of muscle and nerve tissue for energy |
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31.7. Bacteria can “inherit” antibiotic resistance by:
A) gaining a resistance gene in a plasmid through bacterial transformation
B) gaining a resistance gene carried by a viral delivery system
C) gaining a resistance gene from the transfer of free DNA from a dead bacterium
D) all of the above
E) ligating the nucleotides together to form a resistance gene without a template, using restriction enzymes. |
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31.6. Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by:
A) pumping the antibiotics out of the cell
B) enzymatically altering the antibiotics to less harmful forms
C) enzymatically degrading the antibiotics
D) all of the above
E) whispering into doctors’ ears to over-prescribe antibiotics |
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31.5. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the cure for pneumonia ____________and Selman Waksman discovered the cure for tuberculosis ___________________.
A) using a systematic research program, by accident
B) by accident, using a systematic research program,
C) using a systematic research program, using a systematic research program,
D) by accident, by accident
E) while he had tuberculosis, while he had pneumonia |
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Definition
| by accident, using a systematic research program |
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31.4. To kill the microbes that caused disease, Joseph Lister
A) treated his patient’s wounds with heat.
B) filtered the pus from his patient’s wounds removed the bacteria and placed the white blood cells back into the wound.
C) sprayed the wound, dressings and instruments with carbolic acid.
D) all of the above
E) gargled every morning with Listerine. |
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31.3. Due to the public response to Ignaz Semmelweis’ cure for childbed fever, he
A) took a long vacation in the Alps.
B) began a world-wide lecture tour
C) started working on the cure for tuberculosis
D) checked himself into a psychiatric hospital and died two weeks later of an infection
E) started building special beds for nursing mothers and their children |
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Definition
| checked himself into a psychiatric hospital and died two weeks later of an infection |
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31.2. After the assassination attempt of President Garfield in 1881, he died because:
A) his doctors took him to a seaside place in New Jersey where the air was too heavy
B) his doctors tried to revive him by performing the first heart transplant, but they could not find a donor
C) his doctors tried to save him by performing the first angioplasty, but it failed.
D) his doctors did not wash their hands before they poked around inside him and gave him an infection
E) his doctors were unable to get a sufficient supply of digitalis to keep his heart going. |
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Definition
| his doctors did not wash their hands before they poked around inside him and give him an infection |
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31.1. The Royal Society of London did not publish Jenner’s work because:
A) he did not use the scientific method
B) he did not perform the right controls
C) he did not extend his research to tuberculosis
D) he did not perform statistical analysis
E) his work was so much at variance with established knowledge. |
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Definition
| his work was so much at variance with established knowledge |
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