Term
| When is an XY scatter graph usually chosen? |
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Definition
| When both sets of data are numerical in nature and on a continuous scale. |
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Term
| In an XY scatter graph, which variable depends on which ? |
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Definition
The data plotted on the Y-axis DEPENDS upon the data plotted on the X-axis.
therefore: the Y variable is the dependent
X variable is the independent variable |
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Term
| What are the important steps to remember in a XY scatter graph? |
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Definition
- Delete the symbol legend
- Delete the gridlines
- Eliminate wasted space by changing the maximum and minimum fixed values |
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Term
| when is a column graph appropriate to use? |
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Definition
| Used when the independent variables are non-numerical categories such as treatment group. |
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Term
| On which axis is the independent and dependent variable found in a column graph. |
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Definition
the dependent variable will have a numerical scale.
the independent variable categories are displayed along the x-axis. |
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Term
| Explain the reason why there is a weaker action potential when cold is applied in Experiment 1? |
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Definition
Specialized sensory receptors located within the dermis are sensitive to change in temperature. They send signals to the hypothalamus that in turn causes a physiological change that includes an alteration in blood flow.
when cold is applied, arteries located in peripheral tissues undergo vasoconstriction, there is less blood supplied to the tissue and a decrease in peripheral blood flow. |
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Term
| What are mechanoreceptors? |
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Definition
| Mechanoreceptors are specialized sensory nerve cells that respond to touch, pressure and stretch. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal mechanoreceptors that function to provide information about muscle position, contraction, movement as well as leg positioning in space. |
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Term
| What kinds of mechanoreceptors are found on the cuticle? |
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Definition
1) setae = short hairs
2) clusters of hairs called hair plates, bend when adjoining surfaces of the cuticle contact each other in movement
3) dome-like structures called campaniform sensilla, distorted with the movement of the spines that protrude from the surface of the sensilla/movements of leg
4) chordotonal organs = under cuticle, change in length when the joint that the organ spans is extended or flexed. |
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Term
| What does the change in firing rate mean in experiment two? |
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Definition
A change in firing rate implies that there is a change in the intensity of stimulus. A higher firing rate implies that there is a greater intensity of stimulus.
In relation to experiment two with the cockroach, the largest increase in firing rate would be attributed to the leg being bent acutely to 60 degrees. |
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Term
| What is sensory receptor adaptation? |
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Definition
| If a stimulus is prolonged in duration, the sensory receptor-firing rate will decline over time. |
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Term
| What are the common problems associated with experiment two? how are they overcome? |
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Definition
Electrical noise --> Overcome using a faraday cage. A grounded, screened enclosure.
Ground loops are also troublesome. This is where the ground cable itself serves as an antenna for the noise radiating in the room. Alligator clips are used to connect each device directly to a common grounding point. |
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Term
| what are the hind legs of the cockroach called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where were the needle probes inserted into the metathoracic leg of the cockroach? |
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Definition
The ground (green wire) was inserted into the coxa.
The black needle was inserted into the proximal end of the femur
the red needle was inserted into the distal end of the femur |
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Term
| what is the difference between acute and chronic? |
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Definition
in acute flexion or extension the leg is brought back to neutral position at the end of the stimulation.
In chronic extension or flexion it is not brought back to neutral at the end of the stimulation before being moved to the next one. |
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Term
| what is a phasic receptor? |
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Definition
| phasic receptors are rapidly adapting respnses that are typically associated with changes in the intensity of a stimulus. |
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Term
| What is a tonic receptor? |
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Definition
| A tonic receptors are slowly adapting receptors who's responses are typically associated with prolonged stimulus. |
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Term
| what is a phasictonic response? |
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Definition
| a phasictonic response is a response to a stimulus that may start phasically with a burst of action potentials, but quickly settle into a more regular tonic pattern. |
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