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| An invented story, idea, or concept. It can't be questioned. |
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| A settled or established opinion, belief, or principle. It can't be questioned. |
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| Any system of persons or things ranked one above another. |
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| A subatomic particle with a sing negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom. |
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| The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. |
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| Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
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| A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. The sharing of electrons between atoms. |
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| A molecule with opposite charges on different ends of the molecule. |
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| The ability of a substance to dissolve; the quality of being soluble |
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| Weak Chemical Force (chemical bond) |
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| An attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells. |
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| A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. |
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| A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
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| A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. |
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| Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations. |
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| Having an affinity for water. |
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| Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. |
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| A type of weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water coalesce to exclude water. |
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| Having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. |
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| An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge. |
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| A single proton with a charge of 1+. The dissociation of a water molecule leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion and a hydrogen ion. |
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| A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log[H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14. |
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| A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. Contributes hydrogen ions to a solution. |
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| A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. |
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| A susbstance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution. |
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| The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient, from a region where it is more concentrated to region where it is less concentrated. |
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| The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement. |
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| Chemical Potential Energy |
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| Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction. |
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| One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. 3 types are structural, geometric, and enantiomer. |
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| One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other. |
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| A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions. |
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| A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols. |
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| A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. has 2 oxygen atoms. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1+. |
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