Term
|
Definition
| The autonomous element contains the gene encoding transposase enzyme (TPase) necessary for movement of both the autonomous and nonautonomous elements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The nonautonomous element lacks a functional TPase gene and depends on the autonomous element for movement. |
|
|
Term
| Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) |
|
Definition
- comes from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and fluoresces green when exposed to blue light
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- the cells that take up a plasmid
- In prokaryotes, a cell that has been ge-netically altered through the uptake of foreign DNA. In higher eukaryotes, a cultured cell that has acquired a malignant phenotype.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Placing organisms under conditions where the growth of those with a particular genotype will be favored |
|
|
Term
| Transformation Efficiency |
|
Definition
| a measure of the number of transformants per input plasmid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A particular position, point, or place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A gene that encodes an easily assayed product that is computed to the upstream sequence of another gene and transferred into cells.
- Can be used to see which factors activate response elements in the upstream region of the gene of interest.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gene whose expression allows one to identify cells that have been transformed or transfected with a vector containing the marker gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- the linear relationship between absorbanceand concentration of an absorbing species.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measure of the amount of light absorbed by a substance when a light passes through it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
equivalent to about 40 µg/ml of RNA
RNA has its absorption maximum at 260 nm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used to assess the RNA purity of an RNA preparation
Pure RNA has an A260/A280 of 2.1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the genetic composition/ traits of something |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The physical traits of something |
|
|
Term
| Liter, Milliliter, Microliter |
|
Definition
Units of measurement of volume
1L=1000ml
1L=1x10e6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid
double stranded
contains genetic information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ribonucleic acid
contains oxygen structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transfer RNA
RNA involved in protein synthesis
transports amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| product of reverse transcription of mRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen.
Include: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and sometimes phosphorous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a linear or circular double-stranded DNA that is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzymes involved in template directed synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enzyme responsible for making RNA from a DNA template.
Needed for constructing RNA chains from a DNA template.
Nucleotydle transferase that polymerizes ribonucleotides at the 3' end of an RNA transcript. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consists of two sub-units that fit together and work as one to build proteins according to the genetic sequence held within the mRNA.
Pairs each codon with the corresponding amino acid by interacting with tRNA containing a complementary anticodon on one end and the appropriate amino acid at the center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
messenger RNA.
Codes for the chemical blueprint for a protein (during protein synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| Polymerase Chain Reaction |
|
Definition
| amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in biology, a discontinuous genetic variation resulting in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species. |
|
|
Term
Insertion/Deletion
(Indel) |
|
Definition
| mutation resulting from the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence or chromosome |
|
|
Term
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
(SNP) |
|
Definition
genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered.
usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a shift in the reading frame used to translate the base sequence of DNA or mRNA.
Caused by an indel of one or more of the bases, resulting in an alternative peptide being formed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)
Finds regions of local similarity between sequences.
Can be used to infer functional and evolutionary relationships between sequences as well as help identify members of gene families. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| noncoding sequence of DNA within a gene, that is transcribed into hnRNA but is then cut out of the message by RNA splicing in the nucleus, leaving a mature mRNA that is translated in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The protein-coding region in the DNA.
The nucleic acid sequence in the DNA, or RNA transcript following genetic splicing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| getting the target aimed at |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Any change in an organism that alters its general character and mode of life.
The genetic alteration of a bacterial cell resulting from the transfer of foreign DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A strand of nucleic s=acid that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a heat stable DNA polymerase that is normally used in PCR. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution with enough to make the right amount of reactions plus negative and positive controls and extra. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the sustained heating of a material such as steel or glass at specific high temperature, followed by gradual cooling.
This is done to eliminate weakness or to produce other quantities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in which the structure of nucleic acid is disrupted, such as the dissociation of a double-stranded DNA into a single-stranded state by heating. 95 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA polymerase extends the primer by its polymerase activity 72 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any lab technique used to find out the sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule or fragment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome; the process in which such a change occurs in a gene or in a chromosome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids in the polypeptide synthesized from it.
A sequence of three nucleic acid bases (a triplet) acts as a codeword (codon) for one amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-hazardous, non-infectious, non-pathogenic, non-parasitic organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A multicellular organism that primarily undergoes extensive and rapid growth and differentiation between the time of fertilization and fetal stage in higher forms while larval stage in lower forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lineage of a cell relates to its derivation from the undifferentiated tissues of the embryo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The undifferentiated cells formed by cleavage of the fertilised ovum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A genetic cross between homozygous individuals but with different alleles for a single gene locus of interes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A genetic cross between individuals with different alleles for two gene loci of interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests the probability of a given outcome to occur again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the probability of getting the observed or more extreme results, given that the null hypothesis is true.
reject the null hypothesis (if P is below your pre-determined significance level)
don't reject the null hypothesis (if P is above your significance level) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms by which two consecutive nuclear divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) occur without the chromosomal replication in between, leading to the production of four haploid gametes (sex cells), each containing one of every pair of homologous chromosomes (that is, with the maternal and paternal chromosomes being distributed randomly between the cells). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in sexual reproduction that involves the union of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes (each with a single, haploid set of chromosomes) to produce a diploid zygote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A reproductive cell or sex cell that contains the haploid set of chromosomes
(sperm and egg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of chromosomes in a gamete of an organism, symbolized by n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father. In a diploid state the haploid number is doubled, thus, this condition is also known as 2n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of random segregation and assortment of chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis resulting in the production of genetically unique gametes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The emission of one or more photons by a molecule or atom activated by the absorption of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manipulations to decrease gene expression, such as siRNA or antisense treatments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual showing features characteristic of a genotype other than its own, but produced environmentally rather than genetically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any gene that can be found in two or more different species that can be traced back to the same common ancestor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. |
|
|
