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19.1. In the 1950s, Arthur Kornberg’s artificial synthesis of DNA showed that
A) a vital force is not necessary for the synthesis of DNA
B) at least this organic molecule, with the help of a template can be synthesized from scratch
C) the laws of chemistry and physics are applicable to life processes
D) there is no distinct boundary between the living and the lifeless
E) all of the above |
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Definition
| a vital force is not necessary for the synthesis of DNA |
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19.2. Which of the following is NOT true? During DNA replication:
A) T pairs with A
B) U pairs with A
C) C pairs with G
D) G pairs with C
E) All of the above are true |
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19.3. DNA polymerase is different from the other enzymes we have talked about so far in that:
A) it is not a protein
B) is not soluble in water
C) contains little or no carbon
D) requires a template for its activity
E) does not obey either the first or second law of thermodynamics |
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19.4. Cells capable of giving rise to the whole organism are
A) hyperpotent
B) hypopotent
C) isopotent
D) totipotent
E) impotent |
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19.5. RNA is good candidate for the first original genetic apparatus because it is ______________molecule and___________ molecule.
A) a long, a skinny
B) a nitrogen-containing, a phosphate containing
C) an analytic, catalytic
D) an information bearing, catalytic
E) an organic, inorganic |
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Definition
| an information bearing, catalytic |
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19.6. Because of differential transcription, the gene for____________ is transcribed in cells of the salivary gland, the gene for __________is transcribed in the chief cells.
A) lipase, pepsin
B) pepsin, pepsinogen
C) amylase, pepsinogen
D) pepsinogen, amylase
E) amylase, lipase |
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19.7. A person that does not have a working enzyme that converts tyrosine to dihydroxyphenyalanine will have:
A) albinism
B) Phenylketonuria
C) Alkaptonuria
D) melanin
E) dihydroxyphenylalanine |
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19.8. Different isoforms of myosin in various cells are a result of:
A) alternative splicing
B) differential transcription
C) differential translation
D) actin-activation
E) the differential concentrations of ATP in the cells |
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19.9. In a given row in the periodic table, the more protons an atom has, the greater its attraction for
A) electrons
B) Nobel gases
C) inert gases
D) protons
E) antiprotons |
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19.11. __________molecules will be soluble in water and ____________molecules will be soluble in oil.
A) hydrophobic, hydrophobic
B) hydrophilic, hydrophobic
C) hydrophobic, hydrophilic
D) hydrophilic, hydrophilic
E) none of the above |
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19.12. __________molecules will be soluble in water and ____________molecules will be soluble in oil.
A) polar, nonpolar
B) nonpolar, polar
C) polar, polar
D) nonpolar, nonpolar
E) none of the above |
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19.13. Proteins are polymers of __________.
A) fatty acids
B) sugars
C) glycerol
D) amino acids
E) organic acids |
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19.14. Amino acids are held together by _____________bonds.
A) hydrogen
B) peptide
C) glycosidic
D) ionic
E) imaginary |
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19.15. Leucine is a(n) _____________ amino acid and serine is a _______________amino acid.
A) hydrophobic, hydrophobic
B) hydrophilic, hydrophilic
C) hydrophobic, hydrophilic
D) hydrophilic, hydrophobic
E) acidic, basic |
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19.16. Enzymes lower the ___________________ of a reaction.
A) potential energy
B) exergonic energy
C) endergonic energy
D) atomic energy
E) activation energy |
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19.17. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a synthetic reaction
by:
A) separating the substrates
B) bringing the substrates close together
C) increasing the temperature of the reaction
D) increasing the speed of the substrates
E) decreasing the speed of the products |
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Definition
| bringing the substrates close together |
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19.18. Since most proteins have a similar composition of amino acids, their specificity must be in their:
A) hydrophobicity
B) hydrophilicity
C) sequence
D) charge
E) polarity |
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19.19. A ____________is a triplet of nucleotides that is part of a nonoverlapping code.
A) lesson
B) moron
C) codon
D) replicon
E) muton |
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19.20. Protein synthesis takes place in
A) the plasma membrane
B) vacuoles
C) Golgi bodies
D) ribosomes
E) all of the above |
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19.21. tRNA synthetase attaches a(n) ___________to tRNA.
A) protein
B) amino acid
C) fatty acid
D) nucleic acid
E) none of the above |
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19.22. A codon is on the __________ and an anticodon is on the ________.
A) DNA, RNA
B) DNA, mRNA
C) mRNA, tRNA
D) tRNA, rRNA
E) tRNA, mRNA |
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19.23. UUUCUUAUUGUU codes for:
A) phe-phe-leu-leu
B) gly-gly-ser-arg
C) phe-leu-ile-val
D) phe-leu-ser-tyr
E) phe-val-ile-leu |
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19.24 The above oligopeptide sequence will be:
(Hint use amino acid chart above in Q19.15)
A) hydrophobic
B) hydrophilic
C) charged
D) glycated
E) none of the above |
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19.25. The above oligopeptide sequence will probably be found:
A) in the vacuole
B) spanning the lipid bilayer
C) binding to DNA
D) in proteases
E) in pepsin |
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Definition
| spanning the lipid bilayer |
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19.26. The bleeding gums associated with scurvy occurs since vitamin ________is necessary for the post-translational modification of proline to hydroxyproline in collagen.
A) A
B) B1
C) B3
D) C
E) E |
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19.27. Proteins have molecular zip codes that _____________.
A) fold the protein in a zigzag shape necessary for its function
B) attach or “zip up” two polypeptides in the same protein
C) detach or “unzip” two polypeptides in the same protein
D) increase the rate of their synthesis
E) target the proteins to the correct organelles |
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Definition
| target the proteins to the correct organelles |
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19.28. Rational drug design requires a knowledge of ____________.
A) protein structure
B) a person’s allergies to antibiotics
C) psychedelic alkaloids from plants
D) a person’s sensitivity to polar molecules
E) a person’s sensitivity to nonpolar molecules |
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