Term
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Definition
| Group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Major forms of epithelial tissue |
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Definition
1. Covering and lining epithelium
2. Glandular epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Produce a variety of secretory products including sweat, oil, ear wax, and hormones. |
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Term
| Functions of epithelial tissue |
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Definition
1. Provide physical protection
2. Control permeability
3. Provide sensation
4. Produce specialized secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| Surface facing into a body cavity. Contain cilia and microvilli |
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Term
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Definition
| Located on apical surface which increase space for transport without increasing the amount of space occupied by the epithelium or the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Located at the apical surface which function to move materials along a surface. (Trachea) |
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Term
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Definition
| Interstinal cells; adhesion belt interlocks adjacent cells forming a barrier. Lining respiratory tract; prevent unwanted materials from passing through. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin cells; cell adhesion molecules, filaments and cytoskeleton make the tissue able to withstand stretching, twisting, and compression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac and smooth muscle; connexions form channels between cells for the rapid and coordinated passage of small molecules and ions. |
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Term
| Main function of the tissue found in the digesitve tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Main function of the epithelium lining the urinary passageways? |
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Definition
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Term
| Epithelia have numerous blood vessels. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Epithelia have nerve endings running through them. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Classification of epithelial tissue |
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Definition
1. # of cell layers
2. Height and shape of the cells on the SURFACE layer |
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Term
| Function of simple squamos epithelium |
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Definition
| Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important. Secretes lubricating substances in serosae. |
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Term
| Location of simple squamos |
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Definition
| kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, linings of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the ventral body cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| simple squamos epithelium lining internal body cavities and the viscera. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple squamos epithelium lining the inside of the heart, blood vessels and lymph vessels. |
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Term
| Function of simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface. |
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Term
| Function of simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
| absorption, secretion of enzymes, mucus and other substances, ciliated type propels mucus by ciliary action. |
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Term
| Location of simple columnar epithelium |
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Definition
Nonciliated: lines digestive tract, gall bladder, and excretory ducts of some glands.
Ciliated line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus. |
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Term
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium function |
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Definition
| Secretion, particulary of mucus, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action |
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Term
| Pseudostratified columnar epithelium location |
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Definition
| Nonciliated located in male's sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands. Ciliated type lines the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract. |
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Term
| Function of stratified squamos epithelium |
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Definition
| Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion. |
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Term
| Stratified squamos epithelium location |
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Definition
| Nonkeratinized are in the moist linings of the espohagus, mouth and vagina. Keratinized forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane. |
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Term
| Transitional epithelium function |
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Definition
| Stretches readily and permits distention of urinary organ by contained urine. |
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Term
| Transitional epithelium location |
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Definition
| Lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. Unicellular or multicellular. |
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Term
| Two major categories of glands |
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Definition
| Endocrine glands and exocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Ductless glands; secretory product enters directly into the blood, lymph, or extracellular fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Externally secreting glands which secrete glands into ducts which empty onto the surface or lining of an organ |
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Term
| Exocrine gland secretions include |
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Definition
| mucus, sweat, oil, saliva, digestive enzymes, bile, and many others. |
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Term
| Endocrine glands secrete their products into: |
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Definition
| the body fluid compartments, most commonly blood. |
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Term
| Only important unicellular exocrine gland |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Protects and lubricates surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesize and secrete mucin which dissolves in water to form mucus. |
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Term
| Basic parts of multicellular exocrine glands |
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Definition
| 1. Duct 2. Secretory portion called acinus |
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Term
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Definition
| Secrete their products by conventional exocytosis. |
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Term
| Examples of merocrine glands |
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Definition
| salivary glands, pancreas, and sweat glands used in thermoregulation of body temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the linings of the respiratory and interstinal tracts. |
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Term
| Secretory portion of an exocrine gland |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| accumulate their product until the entire cell ruptures. The shed cells are replaced by division of stem cells. |
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Term
| Milk produced by this type of secretion |
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Definition
| Merocrine glands; exocytosis |
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Term
| Three components of all types of connective tissue |
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Definition
| Cells, fibers and ground substance |
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Term
| Three components of all types of connective tissue |
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Definition
| Cells, fibers and ground substance |
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Term
| All connective tissue arise from |
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Definition
| mesenchyme which is an embryonic tissue |
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Term
| Areolar Connective Tissue location |
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Definition
| lying under epithelia, in mesenteries, and surrounding capillaries. |
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Term
| Most abundant cell type found in connective tissue proper |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Variable and depends on how synthetically active they are, and in what type of CT they are found. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secrete the fibers of CT and most of the ground substance |
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Term
| Macrophages are derived from |
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Definition
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Term
| Cytoplasm of mast cells filled with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lymphocytes and plasma cells |
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Definition
| derived from WBC called B-lymphocyte |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Location of lymphocytes and plasma cells |
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Definition
| Found in CT of digestive and respiratory tracts, and in any place that is in close contact with the outside. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fat cells; reserve energy, padding, insulation, etc. |
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Term
| Mesenchymal Cells function |
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Definition
| Stem cells that can differentiate into other CT cell types if tissue becomes injured or infected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most abundant in the skin, but also fount in the CT of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| "Small eaters", include several types of WBC's that leave the bloodstream to come to the aid of microphages and mast cells in fighting infection or an injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide strength and support for the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in the matrix of CT |
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Term
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Definition
1. Collagen
2. Elastic
3. Reticular |
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Term
| Most abundant and strongest fiber |
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Definition
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Term
| Elastic fibers composed of |
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Definition
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Term
| Reticular fibers coated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of reticular fibers |
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Definition
| Form a net-like meshwork for many organs including stroma, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow |
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Term
| Ground substance of CT contains |
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Definition
| water, electrolytes, fine collagen fibrils, and a diversity of large molecules |
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Term
| Function of ground substance |
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Definition
| Surrounds and supports the cells and fibers, provides medium for diffusion of nutrients and metabolites exchanged between blood and tissue, and acts as a molecular sieve; prevents spread of bacteria, but facilitates diffusion |
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Term
| Loose connective tissue includes |
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Definition
1. Areolar CT
2. Adipose tissue
3. Reticular CT |
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Term
| Dense connective tissue includes |
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Definition
1. Dense regular CT
2. Dense irregular CT
3. Elastic CT |
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Term
| Supporting Connective Tissues include |
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Definition
1. Cartilage
2. Bone (osseous) tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Hyaline 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fluid connective tissue includes |
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Definition
| 1. blood (vascular) tissue 2. lymph |
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Term
| Most widely distributed CT in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| least specialized form of CT |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe inflammation and Areolar CT |
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Definition
| Because Areolar CT can hold as much fluid as the entire blood stream, inflammation causes Areolar CT to soak up excess fluids like a sponge (edema) |
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Term
| Location of adipose tissue |
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Definition
| Found around hard-working, active tissues such as the bone marrow, heart, and lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| fat cells in adipose tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Supportive network formed by reticular fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| supports the functional cells (parenchyma) of the organ |
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Term
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Definition
| found in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver and kindey |
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Term
| Cell type found in dense regular CT |
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Definition
| fibroblasts (poorly vascularized) |
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Term
| Location of dense regular CT |
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Definition
| Found where strength is required in a specif direction; the fibers run parallel to the direction of pull |
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Term
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Definition
| tendinous sheet that attaches a broad, flat muscle to another muscle or bones |
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Term
| Tissue in the cornea of the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of dense irregular CT |
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Definition
| provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions; helps prevent overexpansion or organs such as the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| between vertebrae of the spinal column, ligaments supporting the penis, ligaments supporting transitional epithelia, in blood vessel walls |
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Term
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Definition
| stabilizes positions of vertebrae and penis, cushions shocks, permits expansion and contraction or organs |
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Term
| Cell which secretes antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell type that stores energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stem cells that can differentiate into other CT types if tissue becomes injured or infected |
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Term
| How does cartilage receive it's nutrients? |
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Definition
| Via diffusion from CT surrounding it (perichondrium) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic |
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Term
| Most abundant and widespread cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| Location of hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
| Forms most of embryonic skeleton, covers the ends of long bones, forms costal cartilage of the ribs, cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx |
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Term
| Function of elastic cartilage |
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Definition
| Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility |
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Term
| Location of Elastic Cartilage |
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Definition
| Supports the external ear, epiglottis |
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Term
| Function of fibrocartilage |
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Definition
| Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock |
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Term
| Location of fibrocartilage |
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Definition
| intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint |
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Term
| Two ways that cartilage and bone can grow |
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Definition
| 1. Interstitial 2. Appositional |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Function of bone (osseous) tissue |
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Definition
| supports and protects, provides levers for muscles to act on, store calcium and other minerals and fat, marrow in site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most abundant type of cartilage found in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cartilage found in the "pinna" of the ear |
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Definition
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Term
| Cartilage found in the intervertebral discs |
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Definition
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Term
| Cartilage found on the ends of long bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Dense irregular CT surrounding bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Membrane which lines cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Watery persipiration is example of what kind of secretion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intercalated discs only found in |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of membrane that lines body cavities that open to the exterior |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of membrane that lacks an epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| type of membrand that lines body cavities that do not open to the exterior |
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Definition
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Term
| Part of the membrane that lines the body cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| Serous membrane that covers the organs |
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Definition
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Term
| Serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common type of cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Superficial 2. Deep 3. Subserous |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective layers that wrap and support organs, maintain their position, and provide a route for blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. |
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Term
| Location of superficial fasciae |
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Definition
| Between the skin and the underlying organs |
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Term
| Superficial fasciae also known as |
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Definition
| Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis |
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Term
| Superficial fasciae consists of |
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Definition
| Areolar CT and adipose tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms a strong, fibrous, internal framework of Dense CT; wraps up tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and holds layers of muscle together. |
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Term
| Location of subserous fascia |
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Definition
| found between serous membranes and deep fascia |
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Term
| Subserous fascia consists of |
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Definition
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Term
| Synovial membranes location |
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Definition
| Line cavities of freely moving joints. Also found in bursae (cushioning) sacs, tendon sheaths of the hands and feet. |
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Term
| Type of membrane that lacks an epithelium |
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Definition
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Term
| function of synovial membrane |
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Definition
| secrete synovial fluid which lubricates and nourishes the cartilage at the ends of bones |
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Term
| Serous membranes consist of |
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Definition
| Mesothelium and areolar CT |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes serous fluid to lubricate organs |
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Term
| Location of mucous membranes |
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Definition
| line body cavities that open to the exterior; oral cavity, respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts. |
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Term
| All mucous membranes attached to a layer of CT called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cutaneous membrane consists of |
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Definition
| keratinized stratified epithelium (epidermis) and dense irregular CT (dermis) |
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Term
| Two major types of membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| Three types of epithelial membranes |
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Definition
| Mucous, cutaneous, and serous |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue which allows us to be aware of the external environment and react to it |
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Term
| Tissue which can sustain contraction for long periods |
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Definition
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Term
| type of tissue that stores important minerals |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of tissue which lacks nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Most abundant cell found in connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fiber found in spleen and bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Least specialized and most distributed type of connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| type of CT found around organs that are working hard |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of cell that destroys pathogenic or damaged cellular material |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of cell that secretes all the fiber types |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of cell that stores energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of cell that functions in inflammation and allergic reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of fiber found in aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of fiber found in the spleen and bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of CT found around organs that are working hard |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of CT that supports most epithelia |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of CT found in tendons and ligaments |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of CT that makes up the dermis of the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of CT found in heart valves and tendon sheaths |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of CT found in the cornea |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of cell that secretes collagen fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Wandering, phagocytotic cells found in CT are called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Site responsible for ribosome synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Site responsible for lipid metabolism; detoxification |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle that packages, modifies, and condenses proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle containing powerful antioxidant enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| General term for molecules that bind to a specific receptor for transport |
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Term
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Definition
| Name for the process for taking in a large volume of fluid containing dissolved ions and small molecules |
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Term
| Receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| The process of selecting specific macromolecules and engulfing them |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of cell junction that permits rapid flow of ions or small molecules between adjacent cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of epithelium lining most of the digestive tract |
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