Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do you determine the polarity of a covalent bond? |
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Definition
| By calculating the difference between the electronegativities. If the result is between .4-1.7, it is polar |
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Term
|
Definition
| components of organic molecules most commonly involved in chemical reactions |
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Term
| Building polymers from monomers/breaking down polymers from monomers |
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Definition
| Condensation Reactions/Hydrolysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Polysaccharides and monosaccharides |
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Term
|
Definition
5 or 6 carbon chain with
hydroxyl (-OH) groups and terminal carbonyl (-
COH) group. Can make a ring. Commonly
(CH2O)n |
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Term
|
Definition
polymer of
glucose. Plant cell walls |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Polymer of AMINO
ACID monomers:
A carbon linked to
an amino group
(NH2), carboxyl
group (COOH), a
hydrogen, and
variable group of
side chain (R) |
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Term
|
Definition
Polymerize amino acids
by linking carboxyl to
amino groups |
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Term
| Primary Stucture of proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary Structure of Proteins |
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Definition
| Folded into alpha helices and beta pleated sheets by hydrogen bondsbetween the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the backbone |
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Term
|
Definition
| All other types of folding due to interactions of teh side chain. Includes hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interaction sand van der waals forces |
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Term
|
Definition
| Binding to other proteins |
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Term
|
Definition
Nucleotide
monomers linked
into polymer
forming a sugar-
phosphate
backbone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil (single ring) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Guanine and Adenine (Double rings) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bond between phosphate and sugar groups in DNA/RNA |
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Term
| Convention of naming nucleotides |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
each
strand serves as
template to
synthesize a new
complementary strand |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Hydrolysis and condensation of
phophodiesterlinkages (RNA
processing; RNA molecules could
replicate themselves)
2. Formation of peptide bonds |
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Term
|
Definition
compounds rich in C-H bonds
and largely hydrophobic |
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Term
|
Definition
Has two parts: 1. Polar “head” with
PHOSPHATElink to
one of several polar
molecules (like
choline)
2. GLYCEROLlink to
2 non-polar FATTY
ACID“tails” |
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Term
|
Definition
Forms
1. Micelle
2. Lipid Bilayer |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lipids used in membranes and for signaling between cells |
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Term
| Permeability of Lipid Bilayer |
|
Definition
Permeable to all types of nonpolar molecules and small polar molecules (including water).
Impermeable to large polar molecules and any type of ions |
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Term
| An Animal/Plant cell in 1. hypotonic solution 2. hypertonic solution 3. isotonic solution |
|
Definition
| 1. lysed/ turgid (normal) 2. shriveled/plasmolyzed 3. Normal/flaccid |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Created by Stiff CELL WALL external to cell membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
| Triaglycerol (energy storage), phospholipids (membranes), sterols (memebranes) |
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Term
| Proteins in cell membranes |
|
Definition
| Embedded are transmembrane proteins, lead to formation of fluid mosaic model. Other types are attached proteins. |
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Term
| Functions of cell membrane proteins |
|
Definition
| Transporters, Enzymes, Receptors, Cell Surface ID markers, cell to cell adhesion, attachment to cytoskeleton |
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Term
| means of Passive Transport |
|
Definition
| Facilitated Diffusion via Channels |
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Term
| Means of Active Transport |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Fusion of vesicles with cell membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pinching off of vesicles with cell membranes |
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Term
|
Definition
Plasma membrane
DNA with genetic information (Genome)
Ribosomesfor protein synthesis
Cytoplasm
RNA, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sites where proteins are made by translating the mRNA |
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Term
| Eukaryotic Cells vs. Prokaryotic Cells..(Eukaryotic features) |
|
Definition
Nuclear envelope, membrane bound organelles, and overall differences in cell wall composition, cell division, genetic
recombination, some metabolic pathways |
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Term
| Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells..(prokaryotic features) |
|
Definition
| No nuclear envelope, circular DNA and plasmids, no endomembrane system, or if there is one, its is simple. |
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Term
|
Definition
contains linear chromosomes (DNA,
proteins) Has two membranes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Energy powerhouse. Has two membranes. Contains DNA and ribosomes |
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Term
|
Definition
| site for Photosynthesis in plants and some protists |
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Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis and Modification of proteins and lipids |
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Term
|
Definition
| Modifcation of proteins and synthesis of some polysaccs in plants |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Theory of organelle formation |
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