Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the DNA (or chromosomes) located in the eukaryotic cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An organized network of membranous channels originating at the nucleus; may also have ribosomes attached |
|
Definition
ER
[Endoplasmic Reticulum] |
|
|
Term
| A double layer of phospholipids that may include cholesterol and proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used by the body to regulate pH homeostasis (resists change in pH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Na+ OH- is this kind of compound that will accept H+ from solution an raise the pH |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which cells have membrane-bound organelles? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| These amino acids are not produced in our bodies, so they must be eaten |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Molecules or ions moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Energy input required for molecules or ions to be moved to a greater concentration |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Movement of water from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Protein catalysts that reduce the energy needed to produce biochemical reactions |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| substrates bind to an enzyme here |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The two main routes of energy transfer (in coupled reactions ) in biochemical metabolism are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these happen in the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)? |
|
Definition
-break down glucose into CO2
-Make ATP
-Make NADH and FADH2
(all of these) |
|
|
Term
| The most effective control subjects in a biological experiment are |
|
Definition
| Treated identically to the experimental subjects, but not given the experimental treatment |
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|
Term
| The purpose of double-blind experiments to |
|
Definition
| minimize bias in the results of an experiment |
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|
Term
| The process by which glucose is split into pyruvate in the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| This enzyme binds to CO2 and fixes it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentation is an anaerobic process in human muscles that produce |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic means "without _______" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrons and H+ generated from the Krebs cycle (carried by NADH and FADH2) go next to the: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
The measure of H+ in solution
|
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When proteins lose their 3-D structure and with that their function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This law of thermodynamics is important in biology because we, as humans, can never create energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an explanation supported by large amounts of experimental evidence |
|
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Term
| Model organisms can be used to test hypotheses that are |
|
Definition
-likely to apply to both human and the model organism
-unethical to test on human subjects
-likely cheaper and faster to gain scientific insight
(all of these) |
|
|
Term
| Which pH is the most acidic solution (containing most H+)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complex carbohydrates are polymers of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ability of living things to maintain a relatively constant internal environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The subatomic particle that is involved in most chemical reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An atom that has gained or lost an electron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chemical bond in which electrons are shared |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do hydrophobic molecules react with water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bond in table salt (Na+ Cl-) is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A combination of two or more atoms bonded together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A molecule that donates H+ to a solution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life on Earth is based on organic molecules, which always contain these atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is NOT a complex carbohydrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hydrophobic molecule that is made up of chains or rings of only hydrogen and carbon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the positive subatomic particle is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These are proteins in the cell membrane that receive signals from hormones that give the signal specificity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organelle performs photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organelle performs respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? |
|
Definition
-DNA
-Cell membrane
-ribosomes
(all of these) |
|
|
Term
| In what area of the eukaryotic cell re ribosomes made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are assembled on which structure in the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carbohydrates are stored in humans as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is NOT an aspect of the scientific theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments all make up the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| currently occurs in all organisms |
|
|
Term
| What is the measurable indication of the process of evolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More closely related species have _____ amino acid differences than others. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a set time that each radioactive element reduces its radioactivity by 50% |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A result of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are selected against and diversity narrows. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a result of natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes are selected against and extreme are plentiful. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changes in allele frequencies of two genetic populations in response to each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a population, which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce? |
|
Definition
| the best adapted to the environment |
|
|
Term
| Female flies only mate when a male fly taps her in a particular way |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formation of a new species due to geographical barriers is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Geographic (or any other type of) isolation prevents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A species is a group of organisms that |
|
Definition
| mate and produce fertile offspring |
|
|
Term
| The theory of evolution by natural selection states that all life has diverged (is diverging) from a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A population (usually a small one) evolves strictly by chance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A population evolves because humans dictate who will mate and they choose fitting offspring |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A severe reduction in the size of a population due to natural disaster or over-hunting is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following evolve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a small number start a new population, the genetic makeup of those individuals is important |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mating between related individuals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male rituals and plumage increase in he population by the female's choice of mate are examples of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Hardy-Weinburg formula |
|
Definition
| is useful in determining to when populations are changing allele frequencies (evolving) |
|
|
Term
| Which domain of life rarely has introns, has peptidoglycan as a cell wall, and lacks histones and linear DNA |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| This division of Archaea thrive in high salt environments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These types of bacterial cells are killed by heat, steam and pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These make their food and macromolecules from CO2 and get the energy used for this from the sun |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your tongue uses saliva to help shape what you have chewed into a swallowable unit called a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When pepsinogen is secreted into the stomach, it will not turn into the active enzyme pepsin without |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This large group of Bacteria diversity lives in eukaryotic cells and portion of them are the most common STD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using prokaryotes to clean up environmental spills and disasters is usually at a cost of oxygen depletion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When swallowing, the _______ |
|
Definition
| esophageal sphincter relaxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-mechanically churns
-denatures proteins with H+
-enzymatically breaks down proteins
(all of these) |
|
|
Term
| High acid or H. pylori can erode the stomach lining, which is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The liver produces this to emulsify fats, making them more soluble in water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two enzymes are added to the small intestine by the pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the main absorption function of the large intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which category of your diet can be termed "essential?" |
|
Definition
| amino acids and fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| Unit of energy needed to heat 1 mL to raise it 1 degreein temperature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These organic molecules are not digested, only absorbed and used as coenzymes and many other functions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This circuit of circulation in the body gets oxygenated through the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This protein uses iron to hold oxygen within red blood cells (RBC's) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These non-organic molecules are usually electrical, but can be cofactors or signalers within the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These heart chambers actually pump blood to their respective circuits and have a stroke volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This force and blood pressure simultaneously act on water moving in and out of capillaries into the interstitial fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which are not cells in the cellular fraction of blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which is not part of the lymphatic system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does lymph enter the lymphatic system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When presented with a foreign antigen, our bodies produce this peptide as a response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunity allows the body to keep memory cells for that specific antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the superior and inferior vena cava |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of immunity are B-Cells involved in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system of the body regulates water and salt ion homeostasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This functions between the proximal and distal convoluted tubes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urine is stored here in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This system of the body regulates many global body systems by releasing hormone messengers into the bloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hormone type is hydrophobic enough to enter the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormones that don't enter the cell bind to a cell membrane receptor and can multiply their affects by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gland that synthesizes melatonin which is responsible for wake/sleep circadian rythmes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The liquid inside the proximal and distal convoluted tubes and the loop of Henle is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The repeating functional units inside of a kidney are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormones can be released throughout the body but are only activate cells when bound to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The frontal, temporal, occiptial, and parietal are all divisions of the brain called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bones that anchor and move your appendages are part of the _____ skeleton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Living bone cells that secrete the matrix of bone are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles connect to bones in bundles called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Within myofibrils, the contractible units of muscle, these two filaments overlap each other to contract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This organelle stores calcium that is released when an action potential from a neuron hits a muslce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sensation from our body must reach this organ to become a perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of receptor can detect light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which eyesight is the best? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The opening made by the iris (changes at differing light levels) is called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an action potential arrives at a synaptic knob, this is released into the synapse. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This part of the brain helps maintain balance and coordination that is disrupted when intoxicated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This part of the brain helps and is the largest and controls conscious thoughts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each side of the brain has a few specific functions that differ from the other hemisphere; this is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gland that secretes thymosin that helps in the development of T-cells.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gland that secretes insulin and glucagon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The eardrum and bones: hammer, anvil, and stirrup, make up the _____ ear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Pinna and auditory canal make up the ____ ear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This hormone is secreted after meals in response to high-blood glucose to order cells to absorb more glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This sex-hormone group is in both sexes, but is in a higher ratio in females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormones that contain iodine come from this gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hormone is released when blood sugar is low? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which beta-cells are attacked? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structure is responsible for secreting epinephrine (adrenaline) for "fight-or-flight"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hormone controls pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eggs are usually fertilized here |
|
Definition
| Oviduct (fallopian tubes) |
|
|
Term
| Some contraception, like the pill and vasectomies prevents _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells of the nervous system send and receive electrical signal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of a typical neuron can be myelinated in sections with nodes of Ranvier between? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During an action potential, which gates open first to depolarize the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The removal of the prepuce around the glans of the penis is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fertilized egg that implants in the fallopian tube will not grow and will damage the mother's organs; this is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This sex organ is part of the vulva and is located under a prepuce (or hood) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which major group can be a sexually-transmitted disease (STD)? AKA: sexually-transmitted infections (STI) |
|
Definition
-viruses
-bacteria
-fungi
(all of these) |
|
|
Term
| The part of the neuron that receives senses or nerve impulses is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 'resting potential' of a neuron is -70mV, which means that the ____ is more negative than the ____ of the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sodium-potassium pump produces the resting potential of the neuron by |
|
Definition
-using ATP
-pumping Na+ out
-pumping K+ in
(all of these) |
|
|
Term
| These types of channels usually stimulate an action potential in a neuron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During this period, a new action potential is not possible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photopsins can detect 1 of these 3 colors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleotides have 3 parts : a sugar, phosphate group, and |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Set of microtubule proteins that attach from centrioles to the chromosomes at the cell equator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The enzyme responsible for DNA replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One strand of DNA is AATCG; what is the complementary strand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One linear piece of DNA is packaged with proteins into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stages of mitosis in order are: |
|
Definition
| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
|
|
Term
| This cellular division is used to produce gametes- sperm or egg in the respective sexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The synthesis of a mRNA molecule from a DNA template strand is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromatids that are exact copies of each other and are attached at the centromere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which type of cell division produces two identical daughter cells from a mother cell?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The codon of mRNA is AUG; the anticodon on tRNA that would bind to this is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromosomes are duplicated during _____ phase of the cell cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chromosomes are visibly separated during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In meiosis, 1 germ cell divides into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes in humans is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material, which is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many types of RNA are needed for translation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two daughter cells finishing mitosis are pinched in half by a cleavage furrow in what type of cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strictly speaking, cytokinesis is the division of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the haploid number of an organism is 6, the diploid number will be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromosomes that are the same length and contain the same allele patterns, but are not exact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The genetic makeup of an individual (pair of alleles) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is produced during translation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Box that gives every combination (and probability) of child produced from a cross |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an intermediate phenotype is produced in the heterozygous condition (between the homozygous extremes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multiple sets of alleles that produce one phenotype (example: skin color in humans) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each codon consists of how many bases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The phenotype AB blood in human blood types are an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The genotype of a woman that has an X-linked recessive phenotype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the change in a DNA base or the DNA code? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The non-coding strand of DNA is AATTCCGG; what mRNA would be produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancers are uncontrolled growths because they lose control of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cancerous cells leave the tumor and spread throughout the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A photo of an organism's chromosomes laid out largest to smallest, then the sex chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The homologous pairs of chromosomes separate during _____ of meiosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mom is AaBb; which gamete is possible for her to give away? (a circle on a punnett square) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism in humans that allows fertilization to take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Females have the opportunity to be heterozygous for an X-linked trait- this is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interphase of the cell cycle is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A genetic cross of 1 trait (of set of alleles) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| X-linked genes have phenotypes expressed in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The enzyme responsible for messenger RNA production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA copies itself using 1/2 of the molecules as a template -- a method called |
|
Definition
| semiconservative replication |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria reproduce asexually via a process called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference in sequence between the coding strand of DNA and the messenger RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which produces genetic variation in sexual reproduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
