Term
| 1. Which of the following organelles would contain enzymes to detoxify alcohol & H2O2? |
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Definition
| peroxisomes, which come from smooth endoplasmic reticulum, deals w/ lipids, does alcohol dehydrogenase |
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Term
| 2. Glycoproteins are formed in the _?_ where an oligosaccharide identification marker is added to the protein. |
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Definition
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3. All of the following are functions of the cytomembrane system
EXCEPT |
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Definition
| correct parts are: smooth and rough ER,Golgi bodies, secretory vesicles, mitochondrion, nucleus, lysosomes, peroxisomes |
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Term
6. A very active cell requiring lots of energy – for example, a muscle cell – is likely to have a
greater number of |
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Definition
| lysosomes or golgi bodies or mitochondrion???? |
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Term
| 7. Cells that make steroid hormones from cholesterol would contain more of which of the following organelles than a cell making protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. Which of the following would a White Blood Cell use to destroy an engulfed bacteria? |
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Definition
| lysosomes for carbs and proteins and peroxisomes for lipids |
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Term
| 9. The cytoplasm of a typical animal cell would consist mainly of |
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Definition
| ????? mitochondria, cytoskeleton |
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Term
| 10. Which of the following organelles makes ribosomes. |
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Definition
| correct answer: nucleolus |
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Term
| Function of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| manufactoring of carbs and lipids, forms vesicles that transport lipids and carbs to golgi body, makes peroxisomes, does alcohol detoxification |
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Term
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Definition
| studded w/ ribosomes that carry out protein synthesis, responsible for secondary and tertiary structure of protein, taking identification markers and attaching to the proteins to make glycoproteins, makes vesicles to transport proteins to golgi body |
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Definition
| collect, package and distribute molecules made in cell, responsible for production of lysosomes, |
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| Function of Secretory Vesicles |
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Definition
| fuse w/ plasma membrane, release materials to be secreted by cells |
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| Function of Mitochondrion |
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Definition
| produces ATP for cell, Krebs cycle happens here, inner and out membrane, between is the inner membrane space, has a matrix |
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Definition
| commandcenter of cell, contains nucleolous |
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Term
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Definition
| contain enzymes that break down macro molecules and worn out cell components, come from golgi complex, recycle proteins, destroy alien materials, has acid within |
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Term
| 3 Parts of the Cytoskeleton |
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Definition
1) microtubules
2) intermediate filament
3) active filament (or microfilaments) |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in cytoskeleton; tubes of protein molecules which are present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia and flagella, responsible for cell "swimming" like a propeller, responsible for chromosomal movement, influence/ maintain cell shape |
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Definition
| plays role in cell motion, supports organelles and cell shape (all three together) |
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Term
| Function of Intermediate filaments |
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Definition
| provide membrane support and cell strength, strength of your bones, organelle support, |
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Term
| Function of Active filaments (or Microfilaments) |
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Definition
| responsible for cell movement (cell crawling), shape in cell division, hold the membrane proteins in place, do muscle contraction, are like cartiladge, |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for primary structure of amino acid/ protein |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol and h2o2 detox, breaks down lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose turns into (2) pyruvate by glycolysis, yielding 4 atp (2 net), if oxygen present it enters the mitochondria, by process of pyruvate oxidation acetyl-coa is produced, then enters the krebs cycle, acetyl-coa binds w/ oxalacetate to produce citrate, in krebs cycle 2 carbons are lost as CO2, |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenine and Guanine, have a double ring base (the ones with a hexagon and a pentagon) |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule of inheritance, filling cabinet, the nitrogen base determines which gene it will be |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar and nitrogen base |
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Term
| difference between DNA and RNA |
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Definition
| dna double helix, rna single strand, dna has no -OH group, while RNA does have one, RNA has uracil instead of thymine |
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Term
| Frameshift mutations may be caused |
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Definition
| an error in insertion or deletion of a base. |
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Term
| A specific gene is always found on only one strand of the DNA double helix. The strand that is not being transcribed into mRNA is called the: |
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Definition
| : lagging strand. (non-coding strand) |
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Term
| Which of the following could have a role in the reason that few mistakes occur in the process of DNA replication? |
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Definition
| (dna polymerase, proof reading enzyme, complimentary base pairing) |
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Term
| Finish this statement: “When genetic information goes through the process of translation |
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Definition
1. Replication, taking place in nucleus, ending w/ 2 double helices (sister chromatids), key enzymes: DNA helicase, DNA polymerase (proof read, attaché nucleotides together creating a phosphodiester bond, DNA ligase (reattach okasaki fragments),
2. Transcription, taking place in neucleus, ending w/ mRNA, key enzymes involved: RNA polymerase, DNA helicase
3. Translation, takes place in cytoplasm, ending w/ polypeptide (protein), key players: ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA, |
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Term
| The site where RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA molecule to start the formation of an RNA molecule is called a(n) – |
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Definition
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Term
| A retrovirus such as HIV is distinctive in that it contins |
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Definition
| contains (RNA and reverese transcriptase) |
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Term
| An important role of DNA polymerase is |
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Definition
| (proofreading DNA, creates phospodiester linkages- phospo gets attached to 3rd carbon) |
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Term
| Nucleotides making up mature mRNA and specifying the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide are called |
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Definition
| (exons or codons or genes) |
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Term
| Which of the following would be a role or roles of a ribosome |
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Definition
| anything in translation works takes place in cytoplasm, ending w/ polypeptide (protein), key players: ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA, |
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Term
| Which of the following occurs inside the nucleus of a cell as opposed to the cytoplasm of the cell? |
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Definition
| (replication and transcripton, he may give a event that happens at replication and/or transcription) |
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Term
| The site on the ribosome where the initiator tRNA matches up with the start codon is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is part of the structure of a DNA Nucleotide? |
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Definition
| (2) phosphate, (3) nitrogen bases (4) deoxysugar |
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Term
| What happens during the process of elongation? |
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Definition
| (the ribosome is reading mRNA (the message codons) |
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Term
Match the function with the correct term.
DNA Helicase |
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Definition
| (unwinds the double helix, breaks h-bonds) |
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Term
Match the function with the correct term.
DNA Ligase |
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Definition
| attach okisaki fragments, creates the phosphate to the 3rd carbon on suagr |
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Term
RNA Polymerase
Match the function with the correct term. |
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Definition
| (binds to the promoter region and making mRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Using the following DNA sequences representing the coding strand and the attached table, answer the following questions related to Cystic Fibrosis. |
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Definition
| (he will give us the coding strand, go over lab again take coding strand and translate into RNA) |
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Term
| what are genetic mutations? |
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Definition
A gene mutation is defined as an alteration in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. Point Mutations
Silent Mutation: Although a change in the DNA sequence occurs, this type of mutation does not change the protein that is to be produced. This is because multiple genetic codons can encode for the same amino acid. Amino acids are coded for by three nucleotide sets called codons. For example, the amino acid arginine is coded for by several DNA codons including CGT, CGC, CGA, and CGG (A = adenine, T = thymine, G = guanine and C = cytosine). If the DNA sequence CGC is changed to CGA, the amino acid arginine will still be produced.
Missense Mutation: This type of mutation alters the nucleotide sequence so that a different amino acid is produced. This change alters the resulting protein. The change may not have much effect on the protein, may be beneficial to protein function, or may be dangerous. Using our previous example, if the codon for arginine CGC is changed to GGC, the amino acid glycine will be produced instead of arginine.
Nonsense Mutation: This type of mutation alters the nucleotide sequence so that a stop codon is coded for in place of an amino acid. A stop codon signals the end of the translation process and stops protein production. If this process is ended too soon, the amino acid sequence is cut short and the resulting protein is most always nonfunctional. |
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Term
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Definition
| process, test, or procedure is perforned, measured, or observed within the living organism |
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Term
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Definition
| process, test, or procedure is perforned, measured, or observed outside the living organism |
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Term
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Definition
Translocation: The joining of a fragmented chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome is a translocation. The piece of chromosome detaches from one chromosome and moves to a new position on another chromosome.
Deletion: This mutation results from the breakage of a chromosome in which the genetic material becomes lost during cell division. The genetic material can break off from anywhere on the chromosome.
Duplication: Duplications are produced when extra copies of genes are generated on a chromosome.
Inversion: In an inversion, the broken chromosome segment is reversed and inserted back into the chromosome. If the inversion encompasses the centromere of the chromosome, it is called a pericentric inversion. If it involves the long or short arm of the chromosome and does not include the centromere, it is called a paracentric inversion.
Isochromosome: This type of chromosome is produced by the improper division of the centromere. Isochromosomes contain either two short arms or two long arms. A typical chromosome contains one short arm and one long arm. |
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Term
| what is one set of dna called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a chromosome is dna wrapped around histones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| base pair insertion/ deletion mutation |
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Definition
Base-pair Insertions/Deletions
Mutations can also occur in which nucleotide base pairs are inserted into or deleted from the original gene sequence. This type of gene mutation is dangerous because it alters the template from which amino acids are read. Insertions and deletions can cause frame shift mutations when base pairs that are not a multiple of three are added to or deleted from the sequence. Since the nucleotide sequences are read in groupings of three, this will cause a shift in the reading frame. For example, if the original transcribed DNA sequence is CGA CCA ACG GCG ..., and two base pairs (GA) are inserted between the second and third groupings, the reading frame will be shifted. |
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