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explanation for a very general class of observations or phenomena
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| observed "animalcules" in pond water |
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| provided the process component of the cell theory |
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| provided the pattern component of the cell theory |
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| disporved spontaneous generation using swan neck flask experiment |
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| 200 years before Pasteur; disproved spontaneous generation via meat/maggot experiment |
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| Redi; living organisms come from living organisms |
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| greek beliefs about good/bad health |
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good health: balance of 4 humors
bad health: imbalance(dyscrasia) |
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| black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm |
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| how the greeks sought to remedy bad health |
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| emetics (indiced vomitting) blood letting (leaches) |
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| swan neck flask experiment |
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| pasteur; 1 open neck flask, one swan neck flask; boiled broth to kill all pre-existing bacteria; open necked flask had bacteria- swan necked flask's bacteria got stuck in neck |
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| success of swan neck flask experiement |
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| only 1 difference btwn tests |
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| how evolution occurs; all species related by a common ancestor, individuals must vary in a characteristic which is heritable, survival traits are inherited over generations over time |
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| ability of an organism to produce offspring |
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| a trait that increases the fitness of an individual |
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| effeccts of human interference |
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| established system of naming species; genus and species |
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| closely related groups of species |
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| a distinct identifiable group of organisms (breed together) |
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classification of species via RNA classification
species with similar characteristics should have similar RNA |
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| shows relationships btwn species; branches that share breanches share a common ancestor and are closely related |
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| what would happen if the hypothesis is incorrect |
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| chemical which produces heat in chili peppers |
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| mice and birds would either eat spicy or non spicy peppers |
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| critical component of a good experiment |
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| control variable and conclusive results |
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| evolution occurs when heritable variation leads to differential success in reproduction |
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| all organisms are made of cells |
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| 4 elements that make up 96% of all matter found in living organisms |
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| carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen |
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| tells number of protons+ neutrons |
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| tells number of protons and electrons |
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| forms of an element with differnt numbers of neutrons |
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| particles that make up an atom |
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| protons, electrons, neutrons |
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| where electrons move around |
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| how can you fill an atoms valence shell |
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| electrons shared unequally |
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| electrons transferred completely (not shared, but given up or gained) |
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| positive, loses electrons |
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| negative, gains electrons |
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| agent for getting substances into solution |
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| binding btwn like molecules |
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| binding btwn unlike molecules |
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| gives up protons during chemical reactionsand raises hydrogen concentration in water |
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| molecule/ion that acquires protons and lowers the hydrogen concentration of water |
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| minimizes fluctuations in pH |
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| reactants are added to a solution which way is the equilibrium driven? |
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| if products are added to a solution, which way does the dynamic shift? |
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| 2 determining factors of spontaneous reactions |
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1. products have lower pe than reactants
2. when products have a greater entopy than reactants |
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| spontaneous reaction that releases energy |
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| nonspontaneous reaction that requires energy |
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| nonspontaneous, endergonic |
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| 1st law of thermodynamics |
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| energy cant be created or destroyed |
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| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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| entropy always increases in an isolated system |
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