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is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter
cells. |
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skin & repair reproduction conserves # of Chromosome sets. Produces
2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell & each other. |
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is the division in two of the cytoplasm. It occurs near or after the
end of nuclear division. |
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the cell membrane folds in all around the cell. From the outside, the cell looks like a half-deflated balloon that has an invisible thread looped around it; as ______ proceeds the thread is increasingly tightened. Really, the tightening is by protein fibers of the cytoskeleton, orientated in various directions just below the cell membrane. |
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| cells cannot go through the same process, as the cell wall prevents changes to the cell's shape. Instead, the Golgi body manufactures a plate (middle lamella) of vesicles in a plane between the two daughter-nuclei. This plate spreads out from the center of the cell, eventually abutting against the cell membrane all round the cell in that plane. The cell then lay down a cell wall, replacing callose with cellulose and pectin. |
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Gamete producer, Decreases chromosome # sets (2 to 1), Produces daughter cells (4) not identical genetically to parent cell or to each
other. |
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Term
| binary fission or prokaryotic fission |
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Definition
| is the form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes, some protozoa, and some organelles within eukaryotic organisms. This process results in the reproduction of a living prokaryotic cell by division into two parts which each have the potential to grow to the size original cell. |
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| process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell. |
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| is a tumor that lacks all three of the malignant properties of a cancer. Thus, by definition, a benign tumor does not grow in an unlimited, aggressive manner, does not invade surrounding tissues, and does not spread to non-adjacent tissues (metastasize). Common examples of benign tumors include moles and uterine fibroids. |
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Definition
said to have cancer, invasive enough to impair normal organ functions.
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The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.
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| Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents. |
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| Two chromosomes composing a pair, Are the same length with some Centro mere position, both chromosomes of each pair carry genes that control the same inherited chromosomes. |
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Term
3 events unique to meiosis-
1) Synapses & Crossing over |
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Definition
| Prophase 1, duplicated homologous chromosome line up to become connected to each other along there lengths, Genetic rearrangement between non sister chromotids. |
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Term
3 events unique to meiosis-
2) Tetrads on metaphase plate |
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Definition
| metaphase 1, homologous (tetrads) on metaphase plate instead of indivdual replicated chromosomes. |
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Term
3 events unique to meiosis-
3) Separation of homologous |
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Definition
| anaphase 1, duplicated chromosomes of each homologous pair move toward opposite poles |
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Term
Genetic variation-(3 mechanisms)-
1) independent assortment of chromosomes- |
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Definition
Each homologous pair of chromosomes is positioned independently of
each other pair at metaphase 1,1st ,meiotic division results in each pair starting its maternal & paternal homologous into daughter cells independently ever other pair. |
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Term
Genetic variation-(3 mechanisms)-
1) independent assortment of chromosomes- |
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Definition
Each homologous pair of chromosomes is positioned independently of each other pair at metaphase 1, 1st ,meiotic division results in each pair starting its maternal & paternal
homologous into daughter cells independently of every other pair. |
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Term
Genetic variation-(3 mechanisms)-
2) Crossing Over |
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Definition
| produces recombinant chromosomes, begins early in prophase 1, DNA molecules of 2 non sister chromotids are broken at same place & rejoined to each others DNA, Individual chromosomes that carry genes derived from two differnt parents |
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Term
Genetic variation-(3 mechanisms)-
3) Random Fertilization- |
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Definition
| Random nature of fertilization adds to genetic variation |
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Term
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Definition
1) Alternative version’s (alleles) of genes account for variations in inherited
characters.
2) For each character an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent.
3) If two alleles & a locus (location of a gene on a chromosome) differ than one
dominant allele determines organisms appearance the recessive allele has no
affect on appearance |
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Term
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Definition
The two alleles for a heritable character separate during
gamete formation & end up in different gametes. |
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Term
| Law of independent assortment- |
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Definition
Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete function. (Unless “linked”- loci very close or genes located near each other on some chromosome find to be inherited together.
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Term
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Definition
One allele completely dominant over another.
- A dominant allele for a particular character does not mean it is more common than the other recessive allele for that character. |
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Definition
| The two alleles both affect phenotype in separate distinguishable ways so heterozygote exhibits both phenotypes. |
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Hybrids have a phenotype some where in between the
phenotypes of the two parental. |
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| Chromosomal theory of inheritance |
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Definition
Mendelian genes have specific location on chromosomes and it is the chromosome that undergo segregation and independent assortment
each chromosome has 100’s or 1000’s or genes. |
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| a gene located on either sex chromosome |
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Definition
| Forms a Barr body so that the cell does not get a double dose x genes in a XX. |
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Definition
When member of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move
apart properly during meiosis 2. OR Sister chromotids fails to separate
during meiosis 2. |
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Definition
| An abnormal # of particular chromosomes. |
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| A chromosome present in triples. |
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