Term
Organisms interact with each other and the environment
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| Energy is always moving ____ living systems |
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Definition
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| Life involves ____ and ___ of energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Is light the sole source of energy on this planet? |
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Definition
| No. Deep sea animals don't need sun to live. |
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Term
| Are structure and function correlated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Biological systems are regulated by ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Everything that happens talks to everything else, communication occurs throughout the whole system |
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Term
| What is negative feedback? |
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Definition
| turning off the response/ down |
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Term
| What is positive feedback? |
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Definition
| Turning system up/ making more of something |
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Term
| What are the fundamental divisions in the biological world? (domains of life) |
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Definition
Prokaryotes)
bacteria
archaea
Eukaryotes)
eukarya |
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Term
| Why are different domains important? |
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Definition
| helps keep track of the different functions of each different cell |
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Term
| What are two things that every form of life should carry out? |
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Definition
| reproduction, providing food |
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Term
| What separates bacteria and archaea? |
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Definition
| the biochemistry, how they get things done on a molecular level |
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Term
| What does archaea do that separates it from bacteria and eukarya? |
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Definition
| they take dna from other organisms |
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Term
| Life has evolved in ____ that share characteristics due to _____ descent |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are darwinians finches important? |
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Definition
| They give an example on how life has evolved in hieracrchies and how all of the finches share a least common ancestor |
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Term
| distantly related branches share what two things? |
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Definition
| common structures and biochemical mechanisms |
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Term
| How are paramecium and windpipe cells similar? |
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Definition
| They both have cilia, there are commonality even though the heirachies are different |
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Term
| What is the basic unit of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What must you understand first before you understand a whole organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does DNA do on a molecular level? |
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Definition
| dictates the sequence of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| the production of proteins |
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Term
| What is cellular differention? |
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Definition
| The cells in your body comprise of the same dna but different functions |
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Term
| What are the biological molecules that have distict characters based on? |
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Definition
| based on the chemistry of their constituent atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| location around the nucleus where the atom is likely to be found |
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Term
| What does the arrangement of electron in the constituent atom affect? |
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Definition
| shape and charge distrubution of molecules |
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Term
| What are oxygen characteristics |
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Definition
more electro negatic
non-linear
partial negatice charge |
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Term
| What is carbon characterstics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is water a polar molecule? Why? |
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Definition
yes
tetrahedral orbitals, two occupied by unbound electrons
molecule is non-linear
oxygen is highly electronegative |
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Term
| What does oxygen do since it is highly electronegative? |
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Definition
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Term
| Polarity of water causes? |
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Definition
it to be sticky
uses hydrogen bonds
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Term
| Water is considered a ___ solvent |
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Definition
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Term
| Water is coheisive meaning these two thing occur |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two things that make water wresistanct to changes in tempurature? |
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Definition
breaking of hydrogen bonds
sweat--transfer of energy |
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Term
| How many valence electron do carbon, oxygen and nitrogen have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is nitrogen polar or nonpolar? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are sulfer and phosphorus polor or nonpolor? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
water loving
polar or ionc (charged, or partially charged) |
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Term
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Definition
water fearing
non-polar, uncharged |
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Term
| What parts of a molecule are likely to be hydrophobic? |
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Definition
| those that contain alot of carbon |
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Term
| Hydrophilic compinds interact with these two things |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrophobic compounds interact with each other because... |
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Definition
| they are trying to get away from hydrophillic aka water |
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Term
| What will hapen if you wring out a washcloth in space? |
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Definition
| It will migrate up your hands |
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Term
| What does a washcloth in space have to do with biology? ( biological consequences) |
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Definition
underlies interationss within biomolecules
dictates interactions between and among biomolecules (allows barries and compartmentaliztion) |
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Term
| What is a channel protein? |
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Definition
| allows pathways throught they hydrophobic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Made up of only hydrogen and carbon
Provides energy storage and cellular structure |
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Term
| What are the isomers that hydrocarbons can create? |
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Definition
Structural isomer
Cis-trans isomer
Enantiomers |
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Term
| What are some structures of hydrocarbons? |
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Definition
Length
Branching
Double bond position
Presence of rings |
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Term
| What is a structural isomer? |
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Definition
| Structures that have the same chemical formula, but different shapes |
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Term
| What is a cis-trans isomer? |
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Definition
cis isomer: two x's are on the same side
trans isomer: two x's are on opposite sides |
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Term
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Definition
| Mirror image isomers. They can haver dramatic effects on the behavior of a compound |
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Term
| How is the diversity of carbon structures expanded? |
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Definition
| by the attachments of functional groups |
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Term
| What is a functional group? |
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Definition
| Individual chemical components of molecules that have special effects, when added or removes, they alter how a molecule behaves |
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Term
| Describe the carbon functional group |
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Definition
Non-polar
hydrophobic
mask charge
make compound more lipid soluble |
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Term
| What are three oxygen functional groups? |
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Definition
Hydroxyl group
carbonyl group
carboxyl group |
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Term
| What are other functional groups that don't include the carbon and oxygen functional groups? |
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Definition
Amino group
Sulfhydryl group
Phosphate group |
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Term
| What are some effects of adding functional groups? |
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Definition
• shape (binding/marking)
• charge/polarity (binding/hydrophobicity)
• electron distribution (stability, pH)
• energy storage in bonds |
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