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| develops following direct exposure to the pathogenic agent |
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| A disease that has a sudden onset and a short duration. |
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| A fat storing tissue, basically an empty cell. |
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| Antibacterials/Antibiotics |
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| Must be targeted & specific to avoid development of resistance by bacteria |
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one-celled, primitive organisms
Have been on Earth for 3.5 billion years |
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| Procedure in which a small sample of tissue is surgically removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities |
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Cocci (spherical)
Bacilli (rods)
Spirochete (corkscrew or curved) |
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| Basic unit of all living organisms. |
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| A disease that may begin insidiously and be long lived. |
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| Hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract & keep out debris |
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| Connective tissue is a form of fibrous tissue.. It is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue). |
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| The cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles. |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid-form of a double helix. |
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| Responses that occur a few days later after exposure (poison ivy, TB skin test) |
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| A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. |
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| exists in low levels all the time |
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| (ER) is an eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells. |
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| dormant, dehydrated cell that can survive harsh environments, but resume growth under certain conditions (anthrax) |
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| study of transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease |
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| An epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body. Many glands are also formed from epithelial tissue. |
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| Long, tail-like structures that allow for movement |
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| - cause disease by using host nutrients or by feeding on host blood; e.g. Schistosoma (flukes), Taenia (tapeworm) |
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Multicelled, eukaryotic organisms
Reproductive structures – spores
Cause disease by interfering with normal organ structure and function or by inflammation or allergy |
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| An organelle in the cytoplasm that packages proteins and carbohydrates into vesicles for export from the cell. |
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Have well-developed reproductive systems
Complex lifecycles Infections are called infestations |
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| The bodies ability to maintain a normal balance. |
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| infected human to susceptible human |
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| Exaggerated immune responses that occur when exposed to certain substances that you are “sensitive” to |
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| Having an unknown cause. A medical condition that appears suddenly with no apparent explanation. |
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| Immediate hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| Responses that occur quickly within minutes after exposure (bee sting or food allergy) |
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Definition
The ability of the body to defend itself
against infectious agents, foreign cells,
and abnormal body cells |
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| Immunizations or vaccinations |
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Definition
| special types of artificially-acquired immunity. |
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| Intact skin & mucous membranes |
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Definition
| Prevent entry of microorganisms into body |
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Definition
| Lysosomes are spherical organelles that contain enzymes (acid hydrolases). They break up food so it is easier to digest. |
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| live for many years & provide protection against future infection |
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| Is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. |
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| The number who become sick or disabled from a disease per 100,000 within a population. |
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| The number who die from a disease per 100,000 who have the disease within a population. |
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| One of the contractile organs of the body. 3 types of muscle line our internal wall, Smooth, rough, and cardiac. |
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| destroy abnormal cells such asVirus-infected host cells, cancer |
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| The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. |
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| The function of nervous tissue is to send messages to the body. The functional unit is the neuron (axon, dendrite, cell body). Glial cells surround and support the neurons. |
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| Ifectious diseases that are not transmitted directly by humans. |
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Definition
| Not transmitted directly from humans |
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Nonspecific Defenses
Innate immunity |
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Definition
| is not specific to a particular disease and does not require prior exposure to the pathogenic agent |
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Definition
| Are infections which are a result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare service unit. |
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Definition
| A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task. |
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Definition
| Organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer. |
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| A grouping of tissues into a distinct structure, as a heart or kidney in humans, andimals, a leaf or stamen in plants, that performs a specialized task. |
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| sudden occurrence in unexpected numbers within a limited area |
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Definition
| infection spreads to large area |
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| Passive acquired immunity |
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Definition
| results when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal |
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Definition
| microorganism capable of causing disease |
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Infectious particles made of misfolded protein
Different than other microorganisms -- have no genetic material |
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| The predicted course or outcome of a disease. |
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| no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (simple structure) |
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Single-celled, eukaryotic microorganisms
Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles |
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| Occurs when a disease returns weeks or months after its apparent cessat.ion |
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| The period of a chronic disease when signs and symptoms subside. |
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| infect lymphatics & intestines; Enterobius (pinworm) most common in US |
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| The aftermath of a particular disease, such as permanent damage to the heart after rheumatic fever. |
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Definition
| The objective evidence of disease observedon physical examination, such as abnormal pulse or fever. |
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| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
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Definition
| Pink, purple cells that line the kidneys |
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Term
Specific Defenses
Acquired Immunity |
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Definition
| Specific disease-causing agents called antigens (Ag) stimulate these responses (e.g. Streptococcus bacteria; flu virus |
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Definition
| An indication of disease perceived by the patient, such as pain, dizziness, and itching. |
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Definition
activate immune responses
These are cells destroyed by HIV |
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Definition
| “turn off” activity of T cytotoxic cells after pathogens destroyed |
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Definition
| Wash away invaders & contain chemicals that may inhibit growth of microorganisms |
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Definition
| A disease ending in death. |
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Definition
| cell products forming a definite kind of structural material with a specific function, in a multicellular organism. |
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Definition
| consists of a low dose of dead or deactivated pathogen that triggers specific antibody production |
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Definition
| transmits a parasite from an infected host to a noninfected host..Ticks, mites, lice, flies, mosquitoes, and fleas |
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| infection from one generation to the next |
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