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Biology 101
Key Terms
23
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/10/2010

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Term
cell
Definition

:the smallest and most basic unit of life

:the fundamental building block of all living things

Term
multicellular organisms
Definition
:What larger organisms, such as monkeys and oak trees, are made up of
Term

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

Definition
:hereditary, or genetic, material that transfers information from parents to offspring
Term
homeostasis
Definition
:a process where organisms maintain remarkably constant internal conditions
Term
evolution
Definition

:change in groups of organisms over time

:change in genetic material or DNA

Term
species
Definition
:consists of all organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring, but that do not, or cannot, breed with other organisms
Term
populations
Definition
:groups of species that live and interact with one another
Term
adaptations
Definition
:features that are advantageous in the struggle to survive and to reproduce
Term
viruses
Definition

:not made up of cells

:consisting of just a strand of hereditary blueprint that is wrapped in a coat of molecules known as proteins

:can pass DNA or RNA (ribonucleic acid)

:nonliving

Term
biological hierarchy
Definition
:how the levels of life are organized
Term
molecules
Definition
:DNA
Term
tissue
Definition
:specialized,coordinated collections of cells that perform particular functions in the body
Term
organs
Definition

:body parts composed of different tissues that are organized to carry out specialized functions

:hearts and brains

Term

organ system

(nervous system)

Definition

:groups of organs that work together

:stomach, liver, and intestines are part of the digestive system

Term
individual
Definition
:groups of organ systems work together for the benefit of a single individual
Term
community
Definition
:the populations of different species that live and interact with one another in a particular area
Term
ecosystems
Definition
:communities, along with the physical environments they inhabit
Term
biomes
Definition
:large regions of the world that are defined on land by the plants who grow there and in water by the physical characteristics of the environment
Term
biosphere
Definition
:all the world's living organisms and the places where they live
Term
producers
Definition
:those that transform the sun's energy (in the form of light) into chemical energy in the form of sugars and starches
Term
consumers
Definition
:organisms that eat either producers or other organisms whose energy ultimately derives from producers
Term
decomposers
Definition
:organisms that derive their sustenance from dead organisms or cast-off parts of living organisms
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