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Biology 101
Final Exam Review
88
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/11/2008

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Cards

Term
Which of the following local crops will not be genetically engineered in Hawaii
Definition
taro
Term
Golden Rice has been genetically engineered to include:
Definition
more vitamin A
Term
Gene guns are used to:
Definition
gold pellets coated with RNA or DNA into cells.
Term
Combining DNA from two different sources result in:
Definition
recombinant DNA
Term

DNA fingerprinting is used to:                                

Definition
copy, cut, select and compare DNA segments
Term
“GMO” stands for:
Definition
genetically modified organism
Term
Anti-sense DNA or RNA is:
Definition
single stranded RNA used to turn off genes
Term
In the 1990s on the Big Island, what lethal disease was destroying a major crop?
Definition
Papaya Ring Spot Virus
Term
The European Corn Borer is a major pest of corn, which can be controlled with BT toxin made from:
Definition
Corn, A gene spliced from a humble soil bacterium called                                                                                                                                                                    Bacillus thuringiensis (BT)
Term
A University of New Mexico study found that most Americans did not know they had been eating _________ for over five years.
Definition
genetically modified organisms/foods
Term
- What genetically modified corn variety was only supposed to be used for animal feed, but turned up in human foods?     
Definition
star link corn (identical to regular corn)
Term
BT corn pollen was shown by entomologist John Losey to be lethal to:
Definition
kills monarch caterpillars
Term
The corn crop of Mexico grows very poorly because of:
Definition
soil loaded with excess minerals like salt (toxic aluminum)
Term
The following organization is against the growing of genetically modified crops:
Definition
ELF (Earth Liberation Front)
Term
The first genetically modified animal to be commercially marketed will probably be:             
Definition
fish (mainly salmon) 
Term
-Embryonic stem cells for therapy may be produced by:
Definition
Embryonic stems from living embryos and Adult stem cells no                                                                                                                                                                             live embryo required found in brian, heart, skin, muscle, bone                                                                                                                                                                             marrow
Term
At what stage of development are embryonic stem cells obtained?         
Definition
The blastocyst
Term
Which type of stem cells resides in differentiated cells?
Definition
adult stem cells
Term
Before the cell reprogramming break through, federal funds could only be spent on:
Definition
research on human embryonic stem cell lines that already exist
Term

-Who was the first person to develop human embryonic stem cell lines?                                                             

Definition
   James Thomson
Term

-Which of the following diseases can be treated using stem cells?                                                                         

Definition
  Tissue Repair, Heart Disease, Cancer, Arthritis, Diabetes
Term

-What country leads the world in stem cell research?                                                                                           

Definition
    China
Term
-Which of the flowing are types of adult stem cells?                                                                                         
Definition
       found in the brain, heart, skin, muscle, bone marrow, umbilical cell 
Term

-Which of the following is included in the definition of species?                                                                         

Definition
    Interbreeding natural population that produces fertile                                                                                                                                                                       offspring
Term

-“ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”:                              

Definition
Attempts to explain similarities between human and other                                                                                                                                                                       animals, embryo development mimics evolutionary                                                                                                                                                                                           development, & all vertebrate embryos develop in similar way
Term

-The species concept that species are reproductively isolated is known as:                                                       

Definition
      Biological Species
Term

-A mule is not a true species because:         

Definition
they are sterile and cannot reproduce
Term

-Where is adaptive radiation most commonly found?                                                                                             

Definition
 in every elevation and rainfall regime
Term

-Darwin’s finches are an example of what type of speciation?                                                                                

Definition
Allopatric Speciation
Term

-Which of the following would be an example of adaptive radiation?                                                     

Definition
Honeycreepers and Silverswords
Term

-Sympatric speciation:                                                                                                                            

Definition
species forming at the same time and place
Term

-What is a biological invader?                                                                                                                 

Definition
Invasive species are alien species that may cause environmental                                                                                                                                                         harm
Term

-What is a consequence of invasive species on native plant species?                                                      

Definition
Competition with native plants, disrupts ecosystem processes,                                                                                                                                                                                takes over large areas of the island & alters important nutrient                                                                                                                                                    cycling
Term

-How are oceans impacted by invasive species?                                                                                     

Definition
Changes biodiversity and distribution of marine organisms                                                                                                                                                                                along coastlines
Term

-What are the characteristics of invasive plants?                                                                                     

Definition
High reproduction, Rapid growth rate, Significance defense                                                                                                                                                                    mechanisms
Term

-Why are invasive species successful in new environments?                                                                  

Definition
Free of predators, competitors, diseases and parasites that                                                                                                                                                                         limited their populations in natural habitat, exploits resources                                                                                                                                                                    in novel ways
Term

-What is a naturalized plant?                                                                                                                  

Definition
  An established self-perpetuating population
Term

-Why is Hawaii particularly at risk from biological invaders?                                                                 

Definition
 International port city, about 7-9 million tourist visit annually,                                                                                                                                                                                 import 80% of consumed goods, vulnerable to invasive species
Term

-What is the most common way alien plants are introduced to Hawaii today?                                                         

Definition
Ornamental Plant Trade
Term

-Biodiversity is defined as:                                                                                                                     

Definition
Number & variety of organisms found within an area
Term

-75% of Hawaii’s flowering plant species arrived by:                                                                                             

Definition
Wing
Term

-Hawaiian Honeycreepers primarily differ by the shape & size of their____.                                                         

Definition
 Beak
Term

-The process whereby many species evolve from a single species is called:                                                           

Definition
adaptive radiation
Term
-There are about ____ native flowering plant species in Hawaii and a

thousand introduced ones that are now____.                                                                                       

Definition
    980 & naturalized
Term
-Native habitats in Hawaii have been lost due to:                                                                                    
Definition
 competition, harbor disease, increase fire threat by introducing                                                                                                                                                                 grasses, crop lands, cattle grazing, feral animals and                                                                                                                                                                                 urbanization
Term

-Alien species may be controlled by:                                                                                                     

Definition
  fencing, weeding, herbicide, hunting, & biological control.
Term

-Native species that are only found in Hawaii are ____, while those found elsewhere are ____.                            

Definition
 Endemic & Indigenous
Term

-Why is conservation biology described as a “crisis discipline?”                                                                            

Definition
analogous to study of AIDS in epidemiology.
Term

-The Endangered Species Act was created in _____?                                                                                            

Definition
   1973
Term

-Listing species as Endangered is based upon ___?                                                                                                

Definition
 an organism which is in danger or extinction in most or a large                                                                                                                                                   part of its range.
Term

-IUCN stands for:                                                                                                                                   

Definition
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and                                                                                                                                                                          Natural Resources.
Term

-Conservation biology is considered a synthetic field because:                                                                               

Definition
 it is a mixture of applied and theoretical fields.
Term

-A species that is likely to become endangered is called____?                                                                                

Definition
 Threatened
Term
-What is the IUCN Red List?                                                                                                                   
Definition
highlights species, subspecies and varieties of subpopulations                                                                                                                                                                        that are threatened with extinctions and to promote their                                                                                                                                                                        conservation
Term

-What is likely to become the greatest environmental problem of next century?                                     

Definition
an impending water crisis
Term

-How do super bacteria arise?                                                                                                                 

Definition
Survivors of previous antibiotics and antibacterial agents, over                                                                                                                                                            use of antibiotics
Term

-Why is it hard to treat the common cold?                                                                                                              

Definition
rapid mutation.
Term

-What missing protein leads to diabetes?                                                                                             

Definition
    Insulin
Term

-A benign tumor:                                                                                                                                 

Definition
    Is non-cancerous and removable
Term

-Cancer can be caused by which of the following?                                                                                  

Definition
Tobacco & sun radiation
Term

-What of the following mechanisms may result in cancer?                                                                      

Definition
 uncontrolled cell division
Term

-Which of the following are treatment options for cancers?                                                                   

Definition
  Surgery and radiation
Term

-Normal genes that inhibit cell division are called?                                                                                

Definition
  Tumour Suppressor Genes
Term

-The two types of ergot poisoning that is recognized is ____ and ____.                                              

Definition
    Convulsive and gangrenous ergotism
Term

-It is thought that what was believed to be incidents of witchcraft, in the past, is not believed to be _____.           

Definition
Convulsive egotism
Term

-The acronym LSD stands for:                                                                                                                               

Definition
LysergSaure-Diethylamid
Term

-LSD was first synthesized by:                                                                                                                            

Definition
    Albert Hofmann (Ergot of Rye)
Term

-Before becoming a recreational drug, LSD was utilized for:                                                                   

Definition
 psychiatric treatments
Term

-LSD was credited for many changes in the 60’s, but:                                                                                            

Definition
 was mostly as a recreational drug
Term

-The person who is most responsible for LSD becoming a recreation drug is:                                                        

Definition
Timothy Leary
Term

-In addition to music, LSD also impacted _____ &_____.                                                                     

Definition
Fashion & art
Term

-Biologists tried to attract the rare Kauaio'o by using:                                                                                             

Definition
 a tape recording
Term

-The Hawaiian carnivorous caterpillar turned into:                                                                                 

Definition
 a moth or mystery pollinators which have never been seen
Term

-Who won the battle between the ant and the carnivorous caterpillar?                                                 

Definition
     the ant
Term

-Species extinctions were described in the movie as ____on spaceship Earth.                                                       

Definition
‘popping rivets’
Term

-Biologists are pollinating plants on Molokai's sea cliffs because what pollinator had gone extinct:                       

Definition
  the moth
Term

-Of all the scourges of the native Hawaiian rainforest the worst is the:                                                 

Definition
   feral pigs
Term

-Approximately 80,000 feathers were used to make:                                                                                              

Definition
feather cloaks
Term

-What percentage of native Hawaiian birds are now extinct?                                                                   

Definition
70%
Term

-According to the movie the most vulnerable part of the earth is its:                                                       

Definition
atmosphere
Term

-Ice cores from glaciers can be used to determine the ________ at the time the ice was formed.                           

Definition
  year created, temperature & amount of CO2
Term

-According to the movie, the ten hottest years on record have occurred during the last ____.                           

Definition
      14 years
Term

-The melting of the ice caps in the North and South Poles was likened to:                                                        

Definition
       raise sea levels (?)
Term

-An increase in global mean temperatures of 5 degrees would result in a _______ increase at the poles.               

Definition
12 degree
Term

-If the ice caps in Greenland melted completely, sea level would rise by:                                                               

Definition
almost 20 ft
Term
-The only two developed countries that have not signed the international treaty

 to limit carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere are:                                                                 

Definition
    Australia & U.S.
Term

-In the next 50 years the carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere will:                                                      

Definition
continue to increase, multiply by 5(?)
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