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Biology 101 First Exam
vocabulary
27
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/19/2009

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Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Has membrane bound nucleus, has organelles
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Lack membrane bound nucleus (domains bacteria and archaea)
Term
The Cell Theory
Definition
1. all organisms are composed of cells
2. cells are basic units of structure and function in organisms.
3.cells come only from pre-exsisting cells.
Term
organic compounds found in cells
Definition
carbohydrates,lipids,protiens,nucleic acid
Term
covalent bond
Definition
results when 2 atoms share electrons in such a way that each fulfills octet rule. (single, double, or triple)
Term
properties of water
Definition
1. high heat capacity
2.high heat of vaporization
3.is a solvent
4.molecules are cohesive and adhesive
5.has high surface tension
6.frozen state is less dense than liquid.
Term
solution
Definition
contains dissolved substances
Term
hydrophillic
Definition
attracts water
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
cannot attract water
Term
hydrogen bond
Definition
polarity within water molecule causes the hydrogen atoms in one molecule to be attracted to the oxygen atoms in another. weaker than ionic or covalent bonds.
Term
polar covalent bond
Definition
unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond.
Term
electronegativity
Definition
the attraction of the atom for the electrons in a covalent bond
Term
nonpolar covalent bond
Definition
when sharing of two atoms is fairly equal
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
The transfer of electrons between atoms resulting in ions that are held together by ionic bonds, the attraction of neg and positive charges. OR The attraction of oppositely charged ions.
Term
C.H.N.O.P.S>
Definition
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (elements that make up living things)
Term
Inorganic Molecules
Definition
usually contains positive and negative ions. Usually ionic binding. small number of atoms. Non Living Matter.
Term
Organic Molecules
Definition
Always contain carbon and hydrogen. Always covalent bond. Often quite large, with many atoms. Living Organisms.
Term
Octet Rule
Definition
atoms react with one another to have a complete outer shell (8)
Term
Electron Shell
Definition
Distance of electrons from nucleus. 2 in first shell, 8 thereafter.
Term
Isotope
Definition
Atoms of a single element that differ in their number of neutrons.
Term
Elements contain:
Definition
atoms
Term
atoms contain
Definition
subatomic particles
Term
what determines atomic mass
Definition
number of protons and neutrons in nucleus
Term
what determines atomic number
Definition
number of protons and electrons
Term
protons have what type of charge
Definition
positive
Term
neutrons have what type of charge
Definition
neutral
Term
electrons have what type of charge
Definition
negative
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