Term
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Definition
| the removal of energy from organic molecules and storing it in ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| powerhouses for the cell, produce the cells ATP |
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Term
| What could happen from mitochondria malfunctions? |
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Definition
| it can have serious consequences for an individual’s health. More than 100 genetic mitochondrial disorders have been identified, and all lead to energy shortage, muscle weakness and chronic fatigue. |
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Term
| Cellular respiration is a cumulative function of ___________, ___________, and ________________ |
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Definition
| glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the Krebs cycle |
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Term
| Three metabolic stages of cellular respiration: |
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Definition
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle (a.k.a Citric Acid Cycle)
3. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
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Definition
| a catabolic pathway during which a six-carbon glucose is split into two three-carbon sugars, which are then rearranged by a stepwise process that produces two pyruvic acid molecules. |
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Term
| how does glycolysis havest chemical energy? |
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Definition
| by breaking down glucose to pryuvate |
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Term
| where does glycolysis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| The reactions of glycolysis occur in two phases: |
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Definition
1. Glucose activation phase
2. Energy harvest phase |
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Term
| Glycolysis is distinct from cellular respiration because: |
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Definition
| Glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondria. |
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Term
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Definition
| uses ATP to convert glucose to fructose bisphosphate, which splits into two G3P, and produces ADP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| If there is no oxygen present then the pyruvic acid molecules from glycolysis go through _________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fermentation produces/results in/regenerates: |
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Definition
| does not produce ATP, results in partial degradation of sugars and regenerates NAD |
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Term
| Two types of fermentation: |
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Definition
1. Alcohol fermentation
2. Lactic acid fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| uses ADP and NAD to go from glucose to pyruvate to ethanol and co2, also produces NADH and ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| uses ADP and NAD to go from glucose to pyruvate to lactate, also produces NADH and ATP |
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Term
| How can glycolysis continue producing energy when oxygen is not present? |
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Definition
| Fermentation regenerates the NAD+ needed for glycolysis by allowing pyruvate to accept electrons and H+ from NADH |
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Term
| How is champagne different from wine? |
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Definition
| both are result of alcohol fermentation, yeast is allowed to consume the sugars in grapes and alcohol is produced in the process; however, with wine, this is done before bottling up and with champagne, it is done after therefore co2 bubble are produces and fill the bottle. |
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Term
| You help a friend move, and the next day, your arms and legs are sore. What caused the soreness? |
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Definition
| Your overworked muscles did not get enough O2 and switched to fermentation, which builds up lactate. |
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Term
| the krebs cycle results in: |
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Definition
| the complete breakdown of sugars |
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Term
The reaction that connects glycolysis to the Krebs cycle is the ___________
which converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where does the krebs cycle occur? |
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Definition
| mitochondrial matrix the most inner part of the mitochondria. |
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Term
| The products of glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle: |
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Definition
| -NADH and FADH -a small amount of ATP generated |
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Term
| for every molecule of glucose entering glycolysis there are _____ pyruvate molecules that can enter the Krebs Cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ turns of the Krebs Cycle are needed to complete the breakdown of 1 glucose molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the electron transport system? |
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Definition
| near the inner mitochondrial mambrane |
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Term
| what forms of energy does the electron transport system accept? |
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Definition
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Term
| the energy from the electron transfers make ATP via: |
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Definition
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| what prodices most %9- of the STP of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Electron Transport Chain: |
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Definition
| Electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through a series of enzymes and other proteins called the electron transport chain. Their energy is used to pump H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane compartment. Creates a gradient. |
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Term
| People who suffer from chronic fatigue are often recommended to take over-the-counter _______ pills. |
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Definition
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Term
| how does The Gas Chamber work? |
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Definition
| KCN (potassium cyanide) capsules are dropped into a tank containing concentrated Sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This reaction produces deadly cyanide gas.Cyanide binds to one of the proteins in the electron transport chain, preventing the passage of electrons and the production of ATP. Cells stop producing ATP, killing them within minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the coupling of exergonic electron flow down an electron transport chain to endergonic ATP production by the creation of a proton gradient across a membrane. |
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Term
| The _______________ is the site of chemiosmotic ATP synthesis |
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Definition
| inner mitochondrial membrane |
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